Reduced Graphene Oxide-silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposite: a Potential Anticancer Nanotherapy

Overview

Journal Int J Nanomedicine

Publisher Dove Medical Press

Specialty Biotechnology

Date 2015 Oct 23

PMID 26491296

Citations 73

Authors

Sangiliyandi Gurunathan

Jae Woong Han

Jung Hyun Park

Eunsu Kim

Yun-Jung Choi

Deug-Nam Kwon

Jin-Hoi Kim

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites are used in various research areas including sensing, energy storage, and catalysis. The mechanical, thermal, electrical, and biological properties render graphene-based nanocomposites of metallic nanoparticles useful for several biomedical applications. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the fifth most deadly cancer in women; most tumors initially respond to chemotherapy, but eventually acquire chemoresistance. Consequently, the development of novel molecules for cancer therapy is essential. This study was designed to develop a simple, non-toxic, environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-silver (rGO-Ag) nanoparticle nanocomposites using Tilia amurensis plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. The anticancer properties of rGO-Ag were evaluated in ovarian cancer cells.

Methods: The synthesized rGO-Ag nanocomposite was characterized using various analytical techniques. The anticancer properties of the rGO-Ag nanocomposite were evaluated using a series of assays such as cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, reactive oxygen species generation, cellular levels of malonaldehyde and glutathione, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation in ovarian cancer cells (A2780).

Results: AgNPs with an average size of 20 nm were uniformly dispersed on graphene sheets. The data obtained from the biochemical assays indicate that the rGO-Ag nanocomposite significantly inhibited cell viability in A2780 ovarian cancer cells and increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage, reactive oxygen species generation, caspase-3 activity, and DNA fragmentation compared with other tested nanomaterials such as graphene oxide, rGO, and AgNPs.

Conclusion: T. amurensis plant extract-mediated rGO-Ag nanocomposites could facilitate the large-scale production of graphene-based nanocomposites; rGO-Ag showed a significant inhibiting effect on cell viability compared to graphene oxide, rGO, and silver nanoparticles. The nanocomposites could be effective non-toxic therapeutic agents for the treatment of both cancer and cancer stem cells.

Citing Articles

"Therapeutic advancements in nanomedicine: The multifaceted roles of silver nanoparticles".

Karunakar K, Cheriyan B, R K, M G, B A Biotechnol Notes. 2024; 5:64-79.

PMID: 39416696 PMC: 11446369. DOI: 10.1016/j.biotno.2024.05.002.

Nanotherapy to Reshape the Tumor Microenvironment: A New Strategy for Prostate Cancer Treatment.

Deng J, Yuan S, Pan W, Li Q, Chen Z ACS Omega. 2024; 9(25):26878-26899.

PMID: 38947792 PMC: 11209918. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03055.

Graphene-Functionalized Titanium Carbide Synthesis and Characterization and Its Cytotoxic Effect on Cancer Cell Lines.

C D, A G, Igk I, S V, S B Cureus. 2024; 16(5):e61049.

PMID: 38915990 PMC: 11195330. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61049.

Graphene-Based Photodynamic Therapy and Overcoming Cancer Resistance Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review.

Dilenko H, Barton Tomankova K, Valkova L, Hosikova B, Kolarikova M, Malina L Int J Nanomedicine. 2024; 19:5637-5680.

PMID: 38882538 PMC: 11179671. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S461300.

In vivo toxicity and antitumor activity of newly green synthesized reduced graphene oxide/silver nanocomposites.

El-Zahed M, Baka Z, Abou-Dobara M, El-Sayed A, Aboser M, Hyder A Bioresour Bioprocess. 2024; 8(1):44.

PMID: 38650286 PMC: 10992821. DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00400-7.

References

Novoselov K, Geim A, Morozov S, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S . Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science. 2004; 306(5696):666-9. DOI: 10.1126/science.1102896. View

Lee K, El-Sayed M . Gold and silver nanoparticles in sensing and imaging: sensitivity of plasmon response to size, shape, and metal composition. J Phys Chem B. 2006; 110(39):19220-5. DOI: 10.1021/jp062536y. View

Ferrari A, Meyer J, Scardaci V, Casiraghi C, Lazzeri M, Mauri F . Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. Phys Rev Lett. 2006; 97(18):187401. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.187401. View

Geim A, Novoselov K . The rise of graphene. Nat Mater. 2007; 6(3):183-91. DOI: 10.1038/nmat1849. View

Park E, Park K . Induction of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells by mercuric chloride. Toxicol In Vitro. 2007; 21(5):789-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.01.019. View

Zhu L, Chang D, Dai L, Hong Y . DNA damage induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nano Lett. 2007; 7(12):3592-7. DOI: 10.1021/nl071303v. View

Cho M, Niles A, Huang R, Inglese J, Austin C, Riss T . A bioluminescent cytotoxicity assay for assessment of membrane integrity using a proteolytic biomarker. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008; 22(4):1099-106. PMC: 2386563. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.02.013. View

Li D, Muller M, Gilje S, Kaner R, Wallace G . Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. Nat Nanotechnol. 2008; 3(2):101-5. DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2007.451. View

Christopher P, Linic S . Engineering selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis: Ag nanowires as selective ethylene epoxidation catalysts. J Am Chem Soc. 2008; 130(34):11264-5. DOI: 10.1021/ja803818k. View

10.

Stoller M, Park S, Zhu Y, An J, Ruoff R . Graphene-based ultracapacitors. Nano Lett. 2008; 8(10):3498-502. DOI: 10.1021/nl802558y. View

11.

Baba T, Convery P, Matsumura N, Whitaker R, Kondoh E, Perry T . Epigenetic regulation of CD133 and tumorigenicity of CD133+ ovarian cancer cells. Oncogene. 2008; 28(2):209-18. DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.374. View

12.

Baik J, Lee S, Moskovits M . Polarized surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy from molecules adsorbed in nano-gaps produced by electromigration in silver nanowires. Nano Lett. 2009; 9(2):672-6. DOI: 10.1021/nl803145d. View

13.

Asharani P, Mun G, Hande M, Valiyaveettil S . Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in human cells. ACS Nano. 2009; 3(2):279-90. DOI: 10.1021/nn800596w. View

14.

Lu C, Yang H, Zhu C, Chen X, Chen G . A graphene platform for sensing biomolecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2009; 48(26):4785-7. DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901479. View

15.

Pasricha R, Gupta S, Srivastava A . A facile and novel synthesis of Ag-graphene-based nanocomposites. Small. 2009; 5(20):2253-9. DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900726. View

16.

Xu C, Wang X . Fabrication of flexible metal-nanoparticle films using graphene oxide sheets as substrates. Small. 2009; 5(19):2212-7. DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900548. View

17.

Gurunathan S, Kalishwaralal K, Vaidyanathan R, Venkataraman D, Pandian S, Muniyandi J . Biosynthesis, purification and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Escherichia coli. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2009; 74(1):328-35. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.07.048. View

18.

Lightcap I, Kosel T, Kamat P . Anchoring semiconductor and metal nanoparticles on a two-dimensional catalyst mat. Storing and shuttling electrons with reduced graphene oxide. Nano Lett. 2010; 10(2):577-83. DOI: 10.1021/nl9035109. View

19.

Sun X, Liu Z, Welsher K, Robinson J, Goodwin A, Zaric S . Nano-Graphene Oxide for Cellular Imaging and Drug Delivery. Nano Res. 2010; 1(3):203-212. PMC: 2834318. DOI: 10.1007/s12274-008-8021-8. View

20.

Kalishwaralal K, BarathManiKanth S, Pandian S, Deepak V, Gurunathan S . Silver nano - a trove for retinal therapies. J Control Release. 2010; 145(2):76-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.03.022. View