Contiguous 2,2,4-triamino-5(2H)-oxazolone Obstructs DNA Synthesis by DNA Polymerases α, β, η, ι, κ, REV1 and Klenow Fragment Exo-, but Not by DNA Polymerase ζ

Guanine is the most easily oxidized of the four DNA bases, and contiguous guanines (GG) in a sequence are more readily oxidized than a single guanine in a sequence. Continued oxidation of GGs results in a contiguous oxidized guanine lesion. Two contiguous 2,5-diamino-4H-imidazol-4-ones, an oxidized form of guanine that hydrolyses to 2,2,4-triamino-5(2H)-oxazolone (Oz), are detected following the oxidation of GG. In this study, we analysed translesion synthesis (TLS) across two contiguous Oz molecules (OzOz) using Klenow Fragment exo(-) (KF exo(-)) and DNA polymerases (Pols) α, β, ζ, η, ι, κ and REV1. We found that KF exo(-) and Pols α, β, ι and REV1 inserted one nucleotide opposite the 3' Oz of OzOz and stalled at the subsequent extension, and that Pol κ incorporated no nucleotide. Pol η only inefficiently elongated the primer up to full-length across OzOz; the synthesis of most DNA strands stalled at the 3' or 5' Oz of OzOz. Surprisingly, however, Pol ζ efficiently extended the primer up to full-length across OzOz, unlike the other DNA polymerases, but catalysed error-prone nucleotide incorporation. We therefore believe that Pol ζ is required for efficient TLS of OzOz. These results show that OzOz obstructs DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases except Pol ζ.