Restoring Homeostasis of CD4⁺ T Cells in Hepatitis-B-virus-related Liver Fibrosis

Overview

Journal World J Gastroenterol

Publisher Baishideng Publishing Group

Specialty Gastroenterology

Date 2015 Oct 20

PMID 26478664

Citations 13

Authors

Li-Sha Cheng

Yun Liu

Wei Jiang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Immune-mediated liver injury is widely seen during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Unsuccessful immune clearance of HBV results in chronic hepatitis and increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV-related liver fibrosis (HBVLF), occurring as a result of HBV-induced chronic hepatitis, is a reversible, intermediate stage of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and liver cirrhosis. Therefore, defining the pathogenesis of HBVLF is of practical significance for achieving better clinical outcomes. Recently, the homeostasis of CD4(+) T cells was considered to be pivotal in the process of HBVLF. To better uncover the underlying mechanisms, in this review, we systematically retrospect the impacts of different CD4(+) T-cell subsets on CHB and HBVLF. We emphasize CD4(+) T-cell homeostasis and the important balance between regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. We discuss some cytokines associated with Treg and Th17 cells such as interleukin (IL)-17, IL-22, IL-21, IL-23, IL-10, IL-35 and IL-33, as well as surface molecules such as programmed cell death protein 1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 and cannabinoid receptor 2 that have potential therapeutic implications for the homeostasis of CD4(+) T cells in CHB and HBVLF.

Citing Articles

Immune regulation and therapeutic application of T regulatory cells in liver diseases.

Ajith A, Merimi M, Kazem Arki M, Hossein-Khannazer N, Najar M, Vosough M Front Immunol. 2024; 15:1371089.

PMID: 38571964 PMC: 10987744. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371089.

Association Between Serum Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen (CTLA)-4 Level and Disease Progression in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B.

Darmadi D, Lindarto D, Siregar J, Widyawati T, Rusda M, Amin M Med Arch. 2023; 77(2):142-145.

PMID: 37260808 PMC: 10227835. DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.142-145.

The Effects of Programmed Cell Death of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Development of Liver Fibrosis.

Wu H, Chen H, Chen Y, Mao X, Feng Y, Li S Stem Cells Int. 2023; 2023:4586398.

PMID: 37214784 PMC: 10195177. DOI: 10.1155/2023/4586398.

[Effects of hepatitis B virus on Th17, Treg and Th17/Treg ratio in different alanine aminetransferase stages].

Gao P, Luo Y, Li J, Chen I, Mao X Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2022; 54(2):272-277.

PMID: 35435191 PMC: 9069043.

IFN-γ facilitates liver fibrogenesis by CD161CD4 T cells through a regenerative IL-23/IL-17 axis in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Li J, Cheng L, Jia H, Liu C, Wang S, Liu Y Clin Transl Immunology. 2021; 10(11):e1353.

PMID: 34754450 PMC: 8563156. DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1353.

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