Cardiac Dysfunction in a Porcine Model of Pediatric Malnutrition

Overview

Journal PLoS One

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2015 Oct 17

PMID 26473958

Citations 4

Authors

Christian Fabiansen

Mikkel Lykke

Anne-Louise Hother

Jorgen Koch

Ole Baekgaard Nielsen

Ingrid Hunter

Jens P Goetze

Henrik Friis

Thomas Thymann

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Half a million children die annually of severe acute malnutrition and cardiac dysfunction may contribute to the mortality. However, cardiac function remains poorly examined in cases of severe acute malnutrition.

Objective: To determine malnutrition-induced echocardiographic disturbances and longitudinal changes in plasma pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin-T in a pediatric porcine model.

Methods And Results: Five-week old piglets (Duroc-x-Danish Landrace-x-Yorkshire) were fed a nutritionally inadequate maize-flour diet to induce malnutrition (MAIZE, n = 12) or a reference diet (AGE-REF, n = 12) for 7 weeks. Outcomes were compared to a weight-matched reference group (WEIGHT-REF, n = 8). Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin-T were measured weekly. Plasma pro-atrial natriuretic peptide decreased in both MAIZE and AGE-REF during the first 3 weeks but increased markedly in MAIZE relative to AGE-REF during week 5-7 (p ≤ 0.001). There was overall no difference in plasma cardiac troponin-T between groups. However, further analysis revealed that release of cardiac troponin-T in plasma was more frequent in AGE-REF compared with MAIZE (OR: 4.8; 95%CI: 1.2-19.7; p = 0.03). However, when release occurred, cardiac troponin-T concentration was 6.9-fold higher (95%CI: 3.0-15.9; p < 0.001) in MAIZE compared to AGE-REF. At week 7, the mean body weight in MAIZE was lower than AGE-REF (8.3 vs 32.4 kg, p < 0.001), whereas heart-weight relative to body-weight was similar across the three groups. The myocardial performance index was 86% higher in MAIZE vs AGE-REF (p < 0.001) and 27% higher in MAIZE vs WEIGHT-REF (p = 0.025).

Conclusions: Malnutrition associates with cardiac dysfunction in a pediatric porcine model by increased myocardial performance index and pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and it associates with cardiac injury by elevated cardiac troponin-T. Clinical studies are needed to see if the same applies for children suffering from malnutrition.

Citing Articles

Low birth weight and reduced postnatal nutrition lead to cardiac dysfunction in piglets.

McPeek A, Patton B, Columbus D, Olver T, Rodrigues L, Sands J J Anim Sci. 2023; 101.

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Severe gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by malnourishment can be partly restored during 3 weeks of refeeding with fortified corn-soy-blend in a piglet model of childhood malnutrition.

Leng B, Sorensen M, Kot W, Thymann T, Krych L, Nielsen D BMC Microbiol. 2019; 19(1):277.

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Protein Malnutrition Alters Tryptophan and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Homeostasis and Adaptive Immune Responses in Human Rotavirus-Infected Gnotobiotic Pigs with Human Infant Fecal Microbiota Transplant.

Fischer D, Kandasamy S, Paim F, Langel S, Alhamo M, Shao L Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2017; 24(8).

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Long term effects of fetal undernutrition on rat heart. Role of hypertension and oxidative stress.

Rodriguez-Rodriguez P, Lopez de Pablo A, Garcia-Prieto C, Somoza B, Quintana-Villamandos B, Gomez de Diego J PLoS One. 2017; 12(2):e0171544.

PMID: 28212445 PMC: 5315302. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171544.

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