Regulation of Energy Expenditure by Estradiol in Premenopausal Women

Overview

Journal J Appl Physiol (1985)

Publisher American Physiological Society

Date 2015 Sep 5

PMID 26338457

Citations 30

Authors

Edward L Melanson

Kathleen M Gavin

Karen L Shea

Pamela Wolfe

Margaret E Wierman

Robert S Schwartz

Wendy M Kohrt

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Suppressing sex hormones in women for 1 wk reduces resting energy expenditure (REE). The effects of more chronic suppression on REE and other components of total energy expenditure (TEE), and whether the reduction in REE is specifically due to loss of estradiol (E2), are not known. We compared the effects of 5 mo of sex hormone suppression (gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist therapy, GnRHAG) with placebo (PL) or E2 add-back therapy on REE and the components of TEE. Premenopausal women received GnRHAG (leuprolide acetate 3.75 mg/mo) and were randomized to receive transdermal therapy that was either E2 (0.075 mg/d; n = 24; means ± SD, aged = 37 ± 8 yr, BMI = 27.3 ± 6.2 kg/m(2)) or placebo (n = 21; aged = 34 ± 9 yr, BMI = 26.8 ± 6.2 kg/m(2)). REE was measured by using a metabolic cart, and TEE, sleep EE (SEE), exercise EE (ExEE, 2 × 30 min bench stepping), non-Ex EE (NExEE), and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF) were measured by using whole room indirect calorimetry. REE decreased in GnRHAG+PL [mean (95% CI), -54 (-98, -15) kcal/d], but not GnRHAG+E2 [+6 (-33, +45) kcal/d] (difference in between-group changes, P < 0.05). TEE decreased in GnRHAG+PL [-128 (-214, -41) kcal/d] and GnRHAG+E2 [-96 (-159, -32) kcal/d], with no significant difference in between-group changes (P = 0.55). SEE decreased similarly in both GnRHAG+PL [-0.07 (-0.12, -0.03) kcal/min] and GnRHAG+E2 [-0.07 (-0.12, -0.02) kcal/min]. ExEE decreased in GnRHAG+PL [-0.46 (-0.79, -0.13) kcal/min], but not GnRHAG+E2 [-0.30 (-0.65, +0.06) kcal/min]. There were no changes in TEF or NExEE in either group. In summary, chronic pharmacologic suppression of sex hormones reduced REE and this was prevented by E2 therapy.

Citing Articles

A pragmatic multi-setting healthy lifestyle intervention to improve BMI status in a middle-income population: A potential strategy for individuals at risk.

Yari-Boroujeni R, Cheraghi L, Parvin P, Shiravi F, Masihay-Akbar H, Momenan A Health Promot Perspect. 2025; 14(4):369-379.

PMID: 40041731 PMC: 11873776. DOI: 10.34172/hpp.43196.

Correlation between physical activity, appetite, and body composition during menopausal transition and postmenopause in Iranian women.

Andarzi F, Koushkie Jahromi M Womens Health (Lond). 2024; 20:17455057241292859.

PMID: 39469857 PMC: 11528762. DOI: 10.1177/17455057241292859.

Brown adipose tissue metabolism in women is dependent on ovarian status.

Blondin D, Haman F, Swibas T, Hogan-Lamarre S, Dumont L, Guertin J Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2024; 326(5):E588-E601.

PMID: 38477875 PMC: 11211003. DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00077.2024.

Resting energy metabolism and sweet taste preference during the menstrual cycle in healthy women.

Malo-Vintimilla L, Aguirre C, Vergara A, Fernandez-Verdejo R, Galgani J Br J Nutr. 2023; 131(3):384-390.

PMID: 37641942 PMC: 10784125. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114523001927.

Resting energy expenditure in Korean type 2 diabetes patients: comparison between measured and predicted values.

Park J, Cho S, Yim J Nutr Res Pract. 2023; 17(3):464-474.

PMID: 37266123 PMC: 10232204. DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.3.464.

References

Kristensen K, Pedersen S, Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L, Richelsen B . Hormone replacement therapy affects body composition and leptin differently in obese and non-obese postmenopausal women. J Endocrinol. 1999; 163(1):55-62. DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1630055. View

Heymsfield S, Gallagher D, Wang Z . Body composition modeling. Application to exploration of the resting energy expenditure fat-free mass relationship. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000; 904:290-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06470.x. View

Heine P, Taylor J, Iwamoto G, Lubahn D, Cooke P . Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000; 97(23):12729-34. PMC: 18832. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.23.12729. View

Ohlsson C, Hellberg N, Parini P, Vidal O, Bohlooly-Y M, Bohlooly M . Obesity and disturbed lipoprotein profile in estrogen receptor-alpha-deficient male mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000; 278(3):640-5. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3827. View

Yamasaki H, Douchi T, Yamamoto S, Oki T, Kuwahata R, Nagata Y . Body fat distribution and body composition during GnRH agonist therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 2001; 97(3):338-42. DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(00)01181-9. View

. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001; 285(19):2486-97. DOI: 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486. View

Gambacciani M, Ciaponi M, Cappagli B, De Simone L, Orlandi R, Genazzani A . Prospective evaluation of body weight and body fat distribution in early postmenopausal women with and without hormonal replacement therapy. Maturitas. 2001; 39(2):125-32. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(01)00194-3. View

Pedersen S, Bruun J, Kristensen K, Richelsen B . Regulation of UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in rats by estrogen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001; 288(1):191-7. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5763. View

Nowicki M, Adamkiewicz G, Bryc W, Kokot F . The influence of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog on serum leptin and body composition in women with solitary uterine myoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002; 186(3):340-4. DOI: 10.1067/mob.2002.120485. View

10.

Douchi T, Kuwahata R, Yamasaki H, Yamamoto S, Oki T, Nakae M . Inverse relationship between the changes in trunk lean and fat mass during gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy. Maturitas. 2002; 42(1):31-5. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(02)00004-x. View

11.

Kanaya A, Herrington D, Vittinghoff E, Lin F, Grady D, Bittner V . Glycemic effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy: the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2003; 138(1):1-9. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00005. View

12.

Jensen L, Vestergaard P, Hermann A, Gram J, Eiken P, Abrahamsen B . Hormone replacement therapy dissociates fat mass and bone mass, and tends to reduce weight gain in early postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled 5-year clinical trial of the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2003; 18(2):333-42. DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.2.333. View

13.

Douchi T, Kuwahata T, Yoshimitsu N, Iwamoto I, Yamasaki H, Nagata Y . Changes in serum leptin levels during GnRH agonist therapy. Endocr J. 2003; 50(3):355-9. DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.50.355. View

14.

Utian W, Gass M, Pickar J . Body mass index does not influence response to treatment, nor does body weight change with lower doses of conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate in early postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2004; 11(3):306-14. DOI: 10.1097/01.gme.0000117062.54779.bd. View

15.

Solomon S, Kurzer M, Calloway D . Menstrual cycle and basal metabolic rate in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982; 36(4):611-6. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/36.4.611. View

16.

Jequier E, Acheson K, Schutz Y . Assessment of energy expenditure and fuel utilization in man. Annu Rev Nutr. 1987; 7:187-208. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nu.07.070187.001155. View

17.

Bloesch D, Schutz Y, Breitenstein E, Jequier E, Felber J . Thermogenic response to an oral glucose load in man: comparison between young and elderly subjects. J Am Coll Nutr. 1988; 7(6):471-83. DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1988.10720263. View

18.

Bisdee J, James W, Shaw M . Changes in energy expenditure during the menstrual cycle. Br J Nutr. 1989; 61(2):187-99. DOI: 10.1079/bjn19890108. View

19.

Wing R, Matthews K, Kuller L, Meilahn E, Plantinga P . Weight gain at the time of menopause. Arch Intern Med. 1991; 151(1):97-102. View

20.

Meijer G, Westerterp K, Saris W, Ten Hoor F . Sleeping metabolic rate in relation to body composition and the menstrual cycle. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992; 55(3):637-40. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/55.3.637. View