HAV in Fresh Vegetables: a Hidden Health Risk in District Mardan, Pakistan

Overview

Journal Springerplus

Date 2015 Jun 3

PMID 26034681

Citations 4

Authors

Waleed Khan

Muhammad Irshad

Gauhar Rehman

Anwar Hussain

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Hepatitis A is an acute inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV) in human. The path of entry of HAV to the bloodstream is the epithelium of the intestine. Liver inflammation occurs when HAV multiplies within the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells of the liver. HAV is mostly transmitted by contaminated water, fruits and vegetables. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate fresh vegetables raised on the fecal contaminated water for the detection of HAV by PCR method. Twenty nine samples were collected from 13 different locations of district Mardan and screened for the presence of HAV. Village Bajowro near Takht Bhai was the most contaminated site having HAV in all vegetables grown over there. Water samples collected from this area proved to be contaminated with HAV. It may be concluded that fecal contaminated water is unsafe for irrigation because of the health risk associated with such practices.

Citing Articles

Characterisation of the environmental presence of hepatitis A virus in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kuodi P, Patterson J, Silal S, Hussey G, Kagina B BMJ Open. 2020; 10(9):e036407.

PMID: 32988941 PMC: 7523219. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036407.

Quantitative PCR-based identification of enteric viruses contaminating fresh produce and surface water used for irrigation in Egypt.

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Viral Hepatitis in Pakistan: Past, Present, and Future.

Butt A, Sharif F Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. 2017; 6(1):70-81.

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Virological Quality of Irrigation Water in Leafy Green Vegetables and Berry Fruits Production Chains.

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