Phylogenomics of Mycobacterium Nitrate Reductase Operon

Overview

Journal Curr Microbiol

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2015 May 19

PMID 25980349

Citations 13

Authors

Qinqin Huang

Abualgasim Elgaili Abdalla

Jianping Xie

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

NarGHJI operon encodes a nitrate reductase that can reduce nitrate to nitrite. This process enhances bacterial survival by nitrate respiration under anaerobic conditions. NarGHJI operon exists in many bacteria, especially saprophytic bacteria living in soil which play a key role in the nitrogen cycle. Most actinomycetes, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possess NarGHJI operons. M. tuberculosis is a facultative intracellular pathogen that expands in macrophages and has the ability to persist in a non-replicative form in granuloma lifelong. Nitrogen and nitrogen compounds play crucial roles in the struggle between M. tuberculosis and host. M. tuberculosis can use nitrate as a final electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions to enhance its survival. In this article, we reviewed the mechanisms regulating nitrate reductase expression and affecting its activity. Potential genes involved in regulating the nitrate reductase expression in M. tuberculosis were identified. The conserved NarG might be an alternative mycobacterium taxonomic marker.

Citing Articles

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Whole genome sequencing reveals unforeseen and relevant genetic diversity in this pathogen.

Hiller E, Horz V, Sting R PLoS One. 2024; 19(8):e0309282.

PMID: 39186721 PMC: 11346948. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309282.

Orphan response regulator NnaR is critical for nitrate and nitrite assimilation in .

Simcox B, Rohde K Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024; 14:1411333.

PMID: 38854658 PMC: 11162112. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1411333.

Nitrate Reductase NarGHJI Modulates Virulence via Regulation of Expression in Methicillin-Resistant Strain USA300 LAC.

Li Y, Pan T, Cao R, Li W, He Z, Sun B Microbiol Spectr. 2023; 11(3):e0359622.

PMID: 37199609 PMC: 10269880. DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03596-22.

The Effects of Paroxetine on Benthic Microbial Food Web and Nitrogen Transformation in River Sediments.

Li Y, Chen X, Wang X, Shang J, Niu L, Wang L Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(21).

PMID: 36361481 PMC: 9657768. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114602.

The Orphan Response Regulator Rv3143 Modulates the Activity of the NADH Dehydrogenase Complex (Nuo) in Protein-Protein Interactions.

Plocinska R, Wasik K, Plocinski P, Lechowicz E, Antczak M, Blaszczyk E Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022; 12:909507.

PMID: 35837472 PMC: 9274095. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.909507.

References

Dos Vultos T, Mestre O, Rauzier J, Golec M, Rastogi N, Rasolofo V . Evolution and diversity of clonal bacteria: the paradigm of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2008; 3(2):e1538. PMC: 2211405. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001538. View

Gusarov I, Shatalin K, Starodubtseva M, Nudler E . Endogenous nitric oxide protects bacteria against a wide spectrum of antibiotics. Science. 2009; 325(5946):1380-4. PMC: 2929644. DOI: 10.1126/science.1175439. View

MacMicking J, NORTH R, LaCourse R, Mudgett J, Shah S, Nathan C . Identification of nitric oxide synthase as a protective locus against tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997; 94(10):5243-8. PMC: 24663. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.10.5243. View

Florczyk M, McCue L, Purkayastha A, Currenti E, Wolin M, McDonough K . A family of acr-coregulated Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes shares a common DNA motif and requires Rv3133c (dosR or devR) for expression. Infect Immun. 2003; 71(9):5332-43. PMC: 187371. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.9.5332-5343.2003. View

Blasco F, Iobbi C, Ratouchniak J, Bonnefoy V, Chippaux M . Nitrate reductases of Escherichia coli: sequence of the second nitrate reductase and comparison with that encoded by the narGHJI operon. Mol Gen Genet. 1990; 222(1):104-11. DOI: 10.1007/BF00283030. View

DeTURK W, BERNHEIM F . Effects of ammonia, methylamine, and hydroxylamine on the adaptive assimilation of nitrite and nitrate by a Mycobacterium. J Bacteriol. 1958; 75(6):691-6. PMC: 290136. DOI: 10.1128/jb.75.6.691-696.1958. View

McCollister B, Hoffman M, Husain M, Vazquez-Torres A . Nitric oxide protects bacteria from aminoglycosides by blocking the energy-dependent phases of drug uptake. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55(5):2189-96. PMC: 3088231. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01203-10. View

Cole S, Brosch R, Parkhill J, Garnier T, Churcher C, Harris D . Deciphering the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the complete genome sequence. Nature. 1998; 393(6685):537-44. DOI: 10.1038/31159. View

Sodergren E, Demoss J . narI region of the Escherichia coli nitrate reductase (nar) operon contains two genes. J Bacteriol. 1988; 170(4):1721-9. PMC: 211023. DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.4.1721-1729.1988. View

10.

Sohaskey C, Modesti L . Differences in nitrate reduction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis are due to differential expression of both narGHJI and narK2. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008; 290(2):129-34. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01424.x. View

11.

Knowles R . Denitrification. Microbiol Rev. 1982; 46(1):43-70. PMC: 373209. DOI: 10.1128/mr.46.1.43-70.1982. View

12.

Schnell R, Agren D, Schneider G . 1.9 A structure of the signal receiver domain of the putative response regulator NarL from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2008; 64(Pt 12):1096-100. PMC: 2593691. DOI: 10.1107/S1744309108035203. View

13.

Giffin M, Raab R, Morganstern M, Sohaskey C . Mutational analysis of the respiratory nitrate transporter NarK2 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2012; 7(9):e45459. PMC: 3445494. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045459. View

14.

Niemann V, Koch-Singenstreu M, Neu A, Nilkens S, Gotz F, Unden G . The NreA protein functions as a nitrate receptor in the staphylococcal nitrate regulation system. J Mol Biol. 2014; 426(7):1539-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.12.026. View

15.

Wayne L, DOUBEK J . CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOBACTERIA. II. TESTS EMPLOYING NITRATE AND NITRITE AS SUBSTRATE. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1965; 91:738-45. DOI: 10.1164/arrd.1965.91.5.738. View

16.

Clegg S, Yu F, Griffiths L, Cole J . The roles of the polytopic membrane proteins NarK, NarU and NirC in Escherichia coli K-12: two nitrate and three nitrite transporters. Mol Microbiol. 2002; 44(1):143-55. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02858.x. View

17.

McCaughey G, Gilpin D, Schneiders T, Hoffman L, McKevitt M, Elborn J . Fosfomycin and tobramycin in combination downregulate nitrate reductase genes narG and narH, resulting in increased activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa under anaerobic conditions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; 57(11):5406-14. PMC: 3811241. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00750-13. View

18.

Mishra B, Rathinam V, Martens G, Martinot A, Kornfeld H, Fitzgerald K . Nitric oxide controls the immunopathology of tuberculosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent processing of IL-1β. Nat Immunol. 2012; 14(1):52-60. PMC: 3721324. DOI: 10.1038/ni.2474. View

19.

Honaker R, Stewart A, Schittone S, Izzo A, Klein M, Voskuil M . Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine strains lack narK2 and narX induction and exhibit altered phenotypes during dormancy. Infect Immun. 2008; 76(6):2587-93. PMC: 2423053. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01235-07. View

20.

Stermann M, Sedlacek L, Maass S, Bange F . A promoter mutation causes differential nitrate reductase activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. J Bacteriol. 2004; 186(9):2856-61. PMC: 387782. DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.9.2856-2861.2004. View