Quantification and Characterization of Salmonella Spp. Isolates in Sewage Sludge with Potential Usage in Agriculture

Overview

Journal BMC Microbiol

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2015 May 1

PMID 25927729

Citations 10

Authors

Flavio Krzyzanowski Jr

Lincohn Zappelini

Solange Martone-Rocha

Milena Dropa

Maria Helena Matte

Flavia Nacache

Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: This study aims to scrutinize Salmonella spp. and its serotypes in sewage sludge samples from wastewater treatment plants, and assesses the presence of virulence genes and antibiotics resistant to the profile. Samples (n = 54) were collected and analyzed in accordance with the EPA Method 1682/2006. For positive serological reaction, 40 strains were selected for PCR analyses and detection of spvC, invA and sseL virulence genes, plasmid presence and resistance to antibiotics.

Results: Salmonella spp. was detected in 38.9% of the samples collected (<0.006473 to 12.19 MPN/gTS). The most prevalent serotype was Salmonella Infantis. All Salmonella spp. (n = 35) presented at least one of the three virulence genes mentioned above and 40% harboured plasmids. Salmonella Typhimurium strains were isolated harbouring at least one of the following virulence genes: spvC, invA or sseL. Four Salmonella spp. isolates were resistant to tetracycline; three were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and one isolate was resistant to ciprofloxacin. Two Salmonella spp. strains presented multi resistance to antimicrobial agents.

Conclusions: The results obtained demonstrated that Salmonella spp. have been found in sewage sludge, thus it is essential to set measures to mitigate human health risks when it is intended to be applied on agricultural soils.

Citing Articles

in Sewage Sludge and Digestate Intended for Soil Fertilization.

Wojcik-Fatla A, Farian E, Kowalczyk K, Sroka J, Skowron P, Siebielec G Pathogens. 2025; 13(12.

PMID: 39770316 PMC: 11728692. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13121056.

CRISPR and CRISPR-MVLST reveal conserved spacer distribution and high similarity among Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis genomes from Brazil and other countries.

Vilela F, Rodrigues D, Allard M, Falcao J Mol Genet Genomics. 2024; 299(1):61.

PMID: 38806731 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02147-0.

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of in organic and non-organic chickens on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, USA.

Punchihewage-Don A, Schwarz J, Diria A, Bowers J, Parveen S Front Microbiol. 2024; 14:1272892.

PMID: 38239721 PMC: 10794514. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1272892.

Bacterial Pathogens in the Food Industry: Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors of Strains Isolated from Food Chain Links.

Wojcicki M, Chmielarczyk A, Swider O, Srednicka P, Strus M, Kasperski T Pathogens. 2022; 11(11).

PMID: 36365074 PMC: 9692263. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111323.

Estimating the population-level prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from latrine samples.

Omulo S, Mugoh M, Obiya J, Alando M, Call D Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2022; 11(1):106.

PMID: 35987780 PMC: 9392229. DOI: 10.1186/s13756-022-01145-4.

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