A Review of Literature on Medical Students and Scholarly Research: Experiences, Attitudes, and Outcomes

Purpose: The aim of medical student research programs is to develop interest in and competencies related to scholarly research within future physicians. Although schools invest in these programs, there is currently no consensus regarding what benefits they confer. The goal of this review is to characterize students' perceptions of research programs during medical school as well as the outcomes attributed to these programs to provide recommendations for their optimization.

Method: In June 2013, the authors reviewed the literature (1950-June 2013) and identified 20 reports that provided original data delineating undergraduate medical students' primarily self-reported experiences with, outcomes related to, and attitudes toward research.

Results: Students generally perceive their medical school research experiences to be positive in terms of stimulating research interest and developing scholarly research abilities. The majority of students author at least one article, and first-author publications occur more frequently as formal research experiences lengthen. Elective experiences do not differ from mandatory experiences in terms of student satisfaction or productivity. Several studies uncovered negative student perceptions regarding their research experience, including too little acknowledgment, time, and faculty interaction. Published studies were deficient in characterizing effects on future research engagement in participants.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that formal medical student research programs can be optimized by improving the recognition of student effort, promoting student-mentor interaction, and allowing students the option to increase the duration of the research experience. Future studies are needed to determine whether these programs affect research participation and productivity later in participants' careers.