Emerging Immunotherapies for Bladder Cancer

Overview

Journal Curr Opin Oncol

Specialty Oncology

Date 2015 Mar 27

PMID 25811346

Citations 16

Authors

Joseph W Kim

Yusuke Tomita

Jane Trepel

Andrea B Apolo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose Of Review: Inhibition of immune escape mechanisms, such as the programed death-ligand 1 pathway, has demonstrated rapid, durable responses in multiple tumor types, including advanced urothelial carcinoma. This review discusses emerging immunotherapies for urothelial carcinoma in various stages of clinical development.

Recent Findings: Urothelial carcinoma has a high mutational burden, which may increase the number of tumor antigens and potentially enhance the ability of the immune system to recognize tumor cells as foreign. However, urothelial carcinoma can evade the immune system by downregulating tumor-antigen presentation, upregulating various immune checkpoints, and inactivating cytotoxic T cells. Immunotherapies for urothelial carcinoma target each of these steps to restore immune-mediated cytotoxicity. Many of these agents are in clinical trials for urothelial carcinoma.

Summary: Immunotherapies are active in urothelial carcinoma, but only in a fraction of patients, implying the presence of persistent immune escape. Identifying the mechanisms of immune escape and developing rational combinatorial regimens may make the benefit of immunotherapy accessible to a broader population.

Citing Articles

Prognostic values of the immune microenvironment-related non-coding RNA IGF2BP2-AS1 in bladder cancer.

Ding K, Zheng Z, Han Y, Huang X Cell Cycle. 2022; 21(23):2533-2549.

PMID: 35894701 PMC: 9677966. DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2103898.

The feasibility of proteomics sequencing based immune-related prognostic signature for predicting clinical outcomes of bladder cancer patients.

Jiang L, Chen S, Pan Q, Zheng J, He J, Sun J BMC Cancer. 2022; 22(1):676.

PMID: 35725413 PMC: 9210750. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09783-y.

Comprehensive analysis of the PD-L1 and immune infiltrates of N6-methyladenosine related long non-coding RNAs in bladder cancer.

Xue M, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang Y Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):10082.

PMID: 35710698 PMC: 9203575. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14097-x.

Clinical Outcomes of Mixed Response to Pembrolizumab in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma After Platinum-based Chemotherapy.

Furubayashi N, Negishi T, Sakamoto N, Tamura S, Morokuma F, Song Y In Vivo. 2021; 35(5):2869-2874.

PMID: 34410980 PMC: 8408739. DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12575.

Immune Profiling Reveals Molecular Classification and Characteristic in Urothelial Bladder Cancer.

Yang L, Li A, Liu F, Zhao Q, Ji S, Zhu W Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021; 9:596484.

PMID: 33777927 PMC: 7990773. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.596484.

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