The Relationship Between Age and Change in Physical Functions After Exercise Intervention. Trainability of Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Elderly

Overview

Journal J Jpn Phys Ther Assoc

Specialty Rehabilitation Medicine

Date 2015 Mar 21

PMID 25792887

Authors

Takeshi Arai

Shuichi Obuchi

Motonaga Kojima

Satoshi Nishizawa

Yuko Matsumoto

Yasuko Inaba

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the relationship between age and changes in physical measurements after exercise intervention and to investigate the trainability of the older elderly. Two hundred seventy-six community-dwelling people aged 60 years and older practiced exercise intervention for 3 months. The measurements of physical functions were one-legged standing with eyes open and closed (OLS-O, OLS-C), functional reach test (FR), timed up and go test (TUG), maximum walking velocity, flexibility, and muscle strength. We evaluated the associations between age and the changes in these physical measurements. All measurements except for OLS-C significantly improved after intervention. The magnitude of the changes in hand-grip strength and FR after the intervention showed weak negative correlations with the subject's age, but other measurements showed no correlations. In addition, there were no differences between younger elderly persons and older elderly persons with regard to changes in any measurements. These results suggested that the exercise intervention we applied could improve physical fitness in community-dwelling older people, regardless of their age. The older elderly were comparable to the younger elderly in trainability to improve physical fitness.

References

Duncan P, Studenski S, Chandler J, PRESCOTT B . Functional reach: predictive validity in a sample of elderly male veterans. J Gerontol. 1992; 47(3):M93-8. DOI: 10.1093/geronj/47.3.m93. View

Richardson J . Factors associated with falls in older patients with diffuse polyneuropathy. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002; 50(11):1767-73. DOI: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50503.x. View

Tinetti M . Clinical practice. Preventing falls in elderly persons. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348(1):42-9. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp020719. View

Gillespie L, Gillespie W, Robertson M, Lamb S, Cumming R, Rowe B . Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001; (3):CD000340. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000340. View

Tinetti M, Baker D, McAvay G, Claus E, Garrett P, Gottschalk M . A multifactorial intervention to reduce the risk of falling among elderly people living in the community. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331(13):821-7. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199409293311301. View

Hagerman F, Walsh S, Staron R, Hikida R, Gilders R, Murray T . Effects of high-intensity resistance training on untrained older men. I. Strength, cardiovascular, and metabolic responses. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000; 55(7):B336-46. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/55.7.b336. View

Fiatarone M, Marks E, Ryan N, Meredith C, Lipsitz L, Evans W . High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians. Effects on skeletal muscle. JAMA. 1990; 263(22):3029-34. View

OLoughlin J, Robitaille Y, Boivin J, Suissa S . Incidence of and risk factors for falls and injurious falls among the community-dwelling elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 1993; 137(3):342-54. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116681. View

. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998; 30(6):992-1008. View

10.

Sowers M, Crutchfield M, Richards K, Wilkin M, Furniss A, Jannausch M . Sarcopenia is related to physical functioning and leg strength in middle-aged women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005; 60(4):486-90. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/60.4.486. View

11.

Nelson M, Fiatarone M, Morganti C, Trice I, Greenberg R, Evans W . Effects of high-intensity strength training on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1994; 272(24):1909-14. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1994.03520240037038. View

12.

Lemmink K, Kemper H, de Greef M, Rispens P, Stevens M . The validity of the sit-and-reach test and the modified sit-and-reach test in middle-aged to older men and women. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2003; 74(3):331-6. DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2003.10609099. View

13.

Evans W . Exercise training guidelines for the elderly. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999; 31(1):12-7. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199901000-00004. View

14.

Manchester D, Woollacott M, Marin O . Visual, vestibular and somatosensory contributions to balance control in the older adult. J Gerontol. 1989; 44(4):M118-27. DOI: 10.1093/geronj/44.4.m118. View

15.

Vellas B, Wayne S, Romero L, Baumgartner R, Rubenstein L, Garry P . One-leg balance is an important predictor of injurious falls in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997; 45(6):735-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01479.x. View

16.

Guralnik J, Ferrucci L, Pieper C, Leveille S, Markides K, Ostir G . Lower extremity function and subsequent disability: consistency across studies, predictive models, and value of gait speed alone compared with the short physical performance battery. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000; 55(4):M221-31. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/55.4.m221. View

17.

Lord S, Ward J, Williams P, Strudwick M . The effect of a 12-month exercise trial on balance, strength, and falls in older women: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995; 43(11):1198-206. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb07394.x. View

18.

Shinkai S, Watanabe S, Kumagai S, Fujiwara Y, Amano H, Yoshida H . Walking speed as a good predictor for the onset of functional dependence in a Japanese rural community population. Age Ageing. 2000; 29(5):441-6. DOI: 10.1093/ageing/29.5.441. View

19.

Maki B, Holliday P, Topper A . A prospective study of postural balance and risk of falling in an ambulatory and independent elderly population. J Gerontol. 1994; 49(2):M72-84. DOI: 10.1093/geronj/49.2.m72. View

20.

Podsiadlo D, Richardson S . The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991; 39(2):142-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x. View