Adventures Within the Speckled Band: Heterogeneity, Angiogenesis, and Balanced Inflammation in the Tuberculous Granuloma

Overview

Journal Immunol Rev

Specialties Allergy & Immunology
General Surgery

Date 2015 Feb 24

PMID 25703566

Citations 32

Authors

Molly A Matty

Francisco J Roca

Mark R Cronan

David M Tobin

Affiliations

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Abstract

Recent work in a variety of animal models, including mice, zebrafish, and macaques, as well as in humans, has led to a reassessment of several tenets of mycobacterial infection. In this review, we describe new findings about the composition and dynamics of the tuberculous granuloma, the central host structure in mycobacterial infection, as well as inflammatory mediators that drive a successful anti-microbial response on one hand and pathological inflammation on the other. We highlight granuloma heterogeneity that emerges in the context of infection, the functional consequences of angiogenesis in tuberculous granulomas, and data that balanced inflammation in humans, with a central role for tumor necrosis factor, appears to play a key role in optimal defense against mycobacterial infection. These findings have suggested new and specific host-directed therapies that await further clinical exploration.

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