Anesthetic Techniques Influence the Induction of Pulmonary Capillary Hemorrhage During Diagnostic Ultrasound Scanning in Rats

Overview

Journal J Ultrasound Med

Date 2015 Jan 24

PMID 25614402

Citations 19

Authors

Douglas L Miller

Chunyan Dou

Krishnan Raghavendran

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: Pulmonary capillary hemorrhage can be induced by diagnostic ultrasound (US) during direct pulmonary US scanning in rats. The influence of specific anesthetic techniques on this bioeffect was examined.

Methods: Ketamine plus xylazine has been used previously. In this study, the influence of intraperitoneal injections of ketamine and pentobarbital, inhalational isoflurane, and the supplemental use of xylazine with ketamine and isoflurane was tested. A diagnostic US machine with a 7.6-MHz linear array was used to image the right lung of anesthetized rats in a warmed water bath at different mechanical index (MI) settings. Pulmonary capillary hemorrhage was assessed by measuring comet tail artifacts in the image and by morphometry of the hemorrhagic areas on excised lungs.

Results: Pulmonary capillary hemorrhage was greatest for pentobarbital, lower for inhalational isoflurane, and lowest for ketamine anesthesia, with occurrence thresholds at MIs of about 0.44, 0.8, and 0.8, respectively. Addition of xylazine produced a substantial increase in hemorrhage and a significant proportion of hemorrhage occurrence for ketamine at an MI of 0.7 (P < .01) and for isoflurane at an MI of 0.52 (P < .01).

Conclusions: Ketamine plus xylazine and pentobarbital yield lower thresholds than ketamine or isoflurane alone by nearly a factor of 2 in MI. These results suggest that the choice of the anesthetic agent substantially modifies the relative risks of pulmonary capillary hemorrhage from pulmonary US.

Citing Articles

Lung Ultrasound Induction of Pulmonary Capillary Hemorrhage in Rats With Consideration of Exposimetric Relationships to Previous Similar Observations in Neonatal Swine.

Miller D, Dou C, Dong Z Ultrasound Med Biol. 2023; 49(6):1441-1448.

PMID: 36948896 PMC: 10106424. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.02.007.

Frame Rate Exposimetry for Pulmonary Capillary Hemorrhage During Lung Ultrasound.

Miller D, Dou C, Dong Z J Ultrasound Med. 2023; 42(8):1689-1698.

PMID: 36723246 PMC: 10363177. DOI: 10.1002/jum.16186.

Lung Ultrasound Induction of Pulmonary Capillary Hemorrhage in Neonatal Swine.

Miller D, Dou C, Dong Z Ultrasound Med Biol. 2022; 48(11):2276-2291.

PMID: 36030131 PMC: 9942946. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.06.020.

The Influence of Xylazine and Clonidine on Lung Ultrasound-Induced Pulmonary Capillary Hemorrhage in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Miller D, Dou C, Raghavendran K, Dong Z Ultrasound Med Biol. 2021; 47(8):2331-2338.

PMID: 33972153 PMC: 8243848. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.03.033.

The Impact of Hemorrhagic Shock on Lung Ultrasound-Induced Pulmonary Capillary Hemorrhage.

Miller D, Dou C, Raghavendran K, Dong Z J Ultrasound Med. 2020; 40(4):787-794.

PMID: 32856724 PMC: 7914277. DOI: 10.1002/jum.15463.

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