Bovine Papilloma Virus Encoded E2 Protein Activates Lymphokine Genes Through DNA Elements, Distinct from the Consensus Motif, in the Long Control Region of Its Own Genome

Activation of T cells by antigen, lectin or a combination of phorbol ester (PMA) and calcium ionophore (A23187) leads to the induction of a set of lymphokine genes. Transfection of a human T cell leukemia cell line, Jurkat, or an African green monkey kidney cell line, CV1, with a cDNA encoding E2 protein, a trans-activator of bovine papilloma virus type 1, results in activation of interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 3 (IL-3) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) genes in a transient transfection assay. 5' deletion and mutation analyses showed that the sequence between positions -60 and a TATA-like sequence is required for basic promotor function and that the sequence between positions -95 and -73 containing conserved lymphokine element 2 (CLE2) and a GC box (CLE2/GC box) mediates the positive response to E2 protein. The latter has been previously shown to respond to PMA/A23187 stimulation or to p40tax, a trans-activator encoded by human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I). The sequence located between -108 and -99 (CLE1) is inhibitory to E2 protein or PMA/A23187 stimulation. The combination of E2 protein and PMA/A23187 appears to eliminate an inhibitory effect of the upstream region. However, E2 protein, like p40tax, mediates a positive response through CLE1 alone linked to the basic promoter sequence. The level of activation of the long control region (LCR) by E2 protein is unaffected by the number of CLE2/GC box sequences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)