Diabetic Nephropathy - Complications and Treatment

Overview

Journal Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis

Publisher Dove Medical Press

Specialty Nephrology

Date 2014 Oct 25

PMID 25342915

Citations 222

Authors

Andy Kh Lim

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is a significant cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure globally. Much research has been conducted in both basic science and clinical therapeutics, which has enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and expanded the potential therapies available. This review will examine the current concepts of diabetic nephropathy management in the context of some of the basic science and pathophysiology aspects relevant to the approaches taken in novel, investigative treatment strategies.

Citing Articles

The Role of Genistein in Type 2 Diabetes and Beyond: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

Kciuk M, Kruczkowska W, Wanke K, Galeziewska J, Kolat D, Mujwar S Molecules. 2025; 30(5).

PMID: 40076293 PMC: 11901726. DOI: 10.3390/molecules30051068.

The landscape of renal protein S-acylation in mice with lipid-induced nephrotoxicity.

Xiu F, Gai Z, Gehrig P, Wolski W, Lone M, Visentin M Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):7689.

PMID: 40044913 PMC: 11882957. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-92530-7.

Research progress of gut microbiome and diabetic nephropathy.

Chu C, Behera T, Huang Y, Qiu W, Chen J, Shen Q Front Med (Lausanne). 2024; 11:1490314.

PMID: 39735707 PMC: 11671260. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1490314.

The Impact of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery on Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Einafshar N, Esparham A, Moghani M, Radboy M, Ghamari M, Zandbaf T Obes Surg. 2024; 35(1):329-340.

PMID: 39656373 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07612-8.

Treatment of early-stage diabetic nephropathy with Siddha drug Sirupeelai Kudineer: A case series.

Parvathy P, Lekha G, Aparna S, Kanagarajan A J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2024; 15(6):100993.

PMID: 39626591 PMC: 11652741. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100993.

References

Gao P, Wu X, Shui H, Jia R . Fluvastatin inhibits high glucose-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation in renal tubular epithelial cells. J Nephrol. 2012; 26(2):289-96. DOI: 10.5301/jn.5000128. View

Toba H, Mitani T, Takahashi T, Imai N, Serizawa R, Wang J . Inhibition of the renal renin-angiotensin system and renoprotection by pitavastatin in type1 diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2010; 37(11):1064-70. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05436.x. View

Colhoun H, Betteridge D, Durrington P, Hitman G, Neil H, Livingstone S . Effects of atorvastatin on kidney outcomes and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes: an analysis from the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS). Am J Kidney Dis. 2009; 54(5):810-9. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.03.022. View

Scott L, Warram J, Hanna L, Laffel L, Ryan L, Krolewski A . A nonlinear effect of hyperglycemia and current cigarette smoking are major determinants of the onset of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2001; 50(12):2842-9. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.12.2842. View

Huang W, Xu C, Kahng K, Noble N, Border W, Huang Y . Aldosterone and TGF-beta1 synergistically increase PAI-1 and decrease matrix degradation in rat renal mesangial and fibroblast cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008; 294(6):F1287-95. DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00017.2008. View

Moriya R, Manivel J, Mauer M . Juxtaglomerular apparatus T-cell infiltration affects glomerular structure in Type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 2003; 47(1):82-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-003-1253-y. View

Huang W, Gallois Y, Bouby N, Bruneval P, Heudes D, Belair M . Genetically increased angiotensin I-converting enzyme level and renal complications in the diabetic mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001; 98(23):13330-4. PMC: 60870. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.231476798. View

Itagaki I, Shimizu K, Kamanaka Y, Ebata K, Kikkawa R, Haneda M . The effect of an aldose reductase inhibitor (Epalrestat) on diabetic nephropathy in rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1994; 25(3):147-54. DOI: 10.1016/0168-8227(94)90002-7. View

Viberti G, Wheeldon N . Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a blood pressure-independent effect. Circulation. 2002; 106(6):672-8. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000024416.33113.0a. View

10.

Mori H, Okada Y, Arao T, Tanaka Y . Sitagliptin improves albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig. 2014; 5(3):313-9. PMC: 4020336. DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12142. View

11.

Perkins B, Ficociello L, Roshan B, Warram J, Krolewski A . In patients with type 1 diabetes and new-onset microalbuminuria the development of advanced chronic kidney disease may not require progression to proteinuria. Kidney Int. 2009; 77(1):57-64. PMC: 3725722. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.399. View

12.

Epstein M, Williams G, Weinberger M, Lewin A, Krause S, Mukherjee R . Selective aldosterone blockade with eplerenone reduces albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007; 1(5):940-51. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.00240106. View

13.

Wilmer W, Hebert L, Lewis E, Rohde R, Whittier F, Cattran D . Remission of nephrotic syndrome in type 1 diabetes: long-term follow-up of patients in the Captopril Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999; 34(2):308-14. DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(99)70360-4. View

14.

Gerstein H, Mann J, Yi Q, Zinman B, Dinneen S, Hoogwerf B . Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. JAMA. 2001; 286(4):421-6. DOI: 10.1001/jama.286.4.421. View

15.

Bakris G, Weir M, DeQuattro V, McMAHON F . Effects of an ACE inhibitor/calcium antagonist combination on proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 1998; 54(4):1283-9. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00083.x. View

16.

Bakris G, Ruilope L, McMorn S, Weston W, Heise M, Freed M . Rosiglitazone reduces microalbuminuria and blood pressure independently of glycemia in type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria. J Hypertens. 2006; 24(10):2047-55. DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000244955.39491.88. View

17.

Houlihan C, Allen T, Baxter A, Panangiotopoulos S, Casley D, Cooper M . A low-sodium diet potentiates the effects of losartan in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25(4):663-71. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.4.663. View

18.

Niewczas M, Gohda T, Skupien J, Smiles A, Walker W, Rosetti F . Circulating TNF receptors 1 and 2 predict ESRD in type 2 diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012; 23(3):507-15. PMC: 3294310. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2011060627. View

19.

Watanabe J, Sako Y, Umeda F, Nawata H . Effects of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on urinary excretion of albumin and prostaglandins in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1993; 22(1):53-9. DOI: 10.1016/0168-8227(93)90132-o. View

20.

Fallahzadeh M, Dormanesh B, Sagheb M, Roozbeh J, Vessal G, Pakfetrat M . Effect of addition of silymarin to renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012; 60(6):896-903. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.06.005. View