CHOLESTEROL AND NEURONAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BETA-AMYLOID TOXICITY

Overview

Journal Cogn Sci (Hauppauge)

Specialty Psychology

Date 2014 Oct 24

PMID 25339981

Citations 5

Authors

Alexandra M Nicholson

Adriana Ferreira

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurocognitive disorder rapidly growing across the elderly population. Although few cases arise due to genetic mutations, sporadic AD is the most common form of this disease. Therefore, there is a continuing research effort to discover a unifying cause of this form of AD. To date, the only strong genetic correlate to the sporadic AD is inheritance of the apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele, whose encoded protein is involved in cholesterol transport in the central nervous system. This genetic link has prompted a series of studies on the potential molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol could modulate neuronal degeneration in the context of AD. In this review, we discussed the involvement of cholesterol in the production of the pathological hallmarks of the disease and how it might alter the susceptibility of cells to AD-related insult. Finally, we discussed the use of cholesterol-lowering drugs as a potential preventative approach in AD.

Citing Articles

Effectiveness of Combinational Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease with Human Neural Stem Cells and Microglial Cells Over-Expressing Functional Genes.

Ban Y, Park D, Choi E, Kim T, Joo S, Kim Y Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(11).

PMID: 37298510 PMC: 10253978. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119561.

A New Hypothesis for Alzheimer's Disease: The Lipid Invasion Model.

Rudge J J Alzheimers Dis Rep. 2022; 6(1):129-161.

PMID: 35530118 PMC: 9028744. DOI: 10.3233/ADR-210299.

Neuroprotective effects of statins against amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity.

Li H, Lin C, Huang C Neural Regen Res. 2018; 13(2):198-206.

PMID: 29557360 PMC: 5879882. DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.226379.

Mevastatin promotes neuronal survival against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity through AMPK activation.

Kornelius E, Li H, Peng C, Hsiao H, Yang Y, Huang C Metab Brain Dis. 2017; 32(6):1999-2007.

PMID: 28840430 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0091-4.

Calpain dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease.

Ferreira A ISRN Biochem. 2015; 2012:728571.

PMID: 25969760 PMC: 4393001. DOI: 10.5402/2012/728571.

References

Ingram V . The role of Alzheimer Abeta peptides in ion transport across cell membranes. Subcell Biochem. 2005; 38:339-49. DOI: 10.1007/0-387-23226-5_17. View

Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong C, Alonso A, Grundke-Iqbal I . Mechanisms of tau-induced neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol. 2009; 118(1):53-69. PMC: 2872491. DOI: 10.1007/s00401-009-0486-3. View

Andersen P . Interhippocampal impulses. II. Apical dendritic activation of CAI neurons. Acta Physiol Scand. 1960; 48:178-208. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1960.tb01858.x. View

Dietschy J . Central nervous system: cholesterol turnover, brain development and neurodegeneration. Biol Chem. 2009; 390(4):287-93. PMC: 3066069. DOI: 10.1515/BC.2009.035. View

Poirier J, Baccichet A, Dea D, Gauthier S . Cholesterol synthesis and lipoprotein reuptake during synaptic remodelling in hippocampus in adult rats. Neuroscience. 1993; 55(1):81-90. DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90456-p. View

Sparks D, Liu H, Scheff S, Coyne C, Hunsaker 3rd J . Temporal sequence of plaque formation in the cerebral cortex of non-demented individuals. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1993; 52(2):135-42. DOI: 10.1097/00005072-199303000-00006. View

Dietschy J, Turley S, Spady D . Role of liver in the maintenance of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein homeostasis in different animal species, including humans. J Lipid Res. 1993; 34(10):1637-59. View

Tokuda T, Tamaoka A, Matsuno S, Sakurai S, Shimada H, Morita H . Plasma levels of amyloid beta proteins did not differ between subjects taking statins and those not taking statins. Ann Neurol. 2001; 49(4):546-7. View

Urmoneit B, Reinsch C, Turner J, Czech C, Beyreuther K, Dyrks T . Inhibition of beta A4 production by specific modulation of beta-secretase activity. J Mol Neurosci. 1995; 6(1):23-32. DOI: 10.1007/BF02736756. View

10.

Hayashi H, Igbavboa U, Hamanaka H, Kobayashi M, Fujita S, Wood W . Cholesterol is increased in the exofacial leaflet of synaptic plasma membranes of human apolipoprotein E4 knock-in mice. Neuroreport. 2002; 13(4):383-6. DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200203250-00004. View

11.

Hajjar I, Schumpert J, Hirth V, Wieland D, Eleazer G . The impact of the use of statins on the prevalence of dementia and the progression of cognitive impairment. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002; 57(7):M414-8. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/57.7.m414. View

12.

Hartmann H, Eckert A, Muller W . Apolipoprotein E and cholesterol affect neuronal calcium signalling: the possible relationship to beta-amyloid neurotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994; 200(3):1185-92. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1576. View

13.

Kawahara M, Kuroda Y . Intracellular calcium changes in neuronal cells induced by Alzheimer's beta-amyloid protein are blocked by estradiol and cholesterol. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2001; 21(1):1-13. PMC: 11533833. DOI: 10.1023/a:1007168910582. View

14.

Jick H, Zornberg G, Jick S, Seshadri S, Drachman D . Statins and the risk of dementia. Lancet. 2000; 356(9242):1627-31. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03155-x. View

15.

Ignatius M, Skene J, Schilling J, Weisgraber K, Mahley R, SHOOTER E . Expression of apolipoprotein E during nerve degeneration and regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986; 83(4):1125-9. PMC: 323024. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.4.1125. View

16.

Refolo L, Malester B, Lafrancois J, Wang R, Tint G, Sambamurti K . Hypercholesterolemia accelerates the Alzheimer's amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model. Neurobiol Dis. 2000; 7(4):321-31. DOI: 10.1006/nbdi.2000.0304. View

17.

Kawarabayashi T, Shoji M, Younkin L, Wen-Lang L, Dickson D, Murakami T . Dimeric amyloid beta protein rapidly accumulates in lipid rafts followed by apolipoprotein E and phosphorylated tau accumulation in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci. 2004; 24(15):3801-9. PMC: 6729359. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5543-03.2004. View

18.

Bojarski L, Herms J, Kuznicki J . Calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int. 2007; 52(4-5):621-33. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.10.002. View

19.

Bharadwaj P, Dubey A, Masters C, Martins R, Macreadie I . Abeta aggregation and possible implications in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. J Cell Mol Med. 2009; 13(3):412-21. PMC: 3822505. DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00609.x. View

20.

Lippa C, Smith T, Saunders A, Hulette C, Roses A . Apolipoprotein E-epsilon 2 and Alzheimer's disease: genotype influences pathologic phenotype. Neurology. 1997; 48(2):515-9. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.48.2.515. View