Immune Response in Thyroid Cancer: Widening the Boundaries

Overview

Journal Scientifica (Cairo)

Publisher Wiley

Specialty Biology

Date 2014 Oct 21

PMID 25328756

Citations 14

Authors

Laura Sterian Ward

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The association between thyroid cancer and thyroid inflammation has been repeatedly reported and highly debated in the literature. In fact, both molecular and epidemiological data suggest that these diseases are closely related and this association reinforces that the immune system is important for thyroid cancer progression. Innate immunity is the first line of defensive response. Unlike innate immune responses, adaptive responses are highly specific to the particular antigen that induced them. Both branches of the immune system may interact in antitumor immune response. Major effector cells of the immune system that directly target thyroid cancer cells include dendritic cells, macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, mast cells, and lymphocytes. A mixture of immune cells may infiltrate thyroid cancer microenvironment and the balance of protumor and antitumor activity of these cells may be associated with prognosis. Herein, we describe some evidences that immune response may be important for thyroid cancer progression and may help us identify more aggressive tumors, sparing the vast majority of patients from costly unnecessary invasive procedures. The future trend in thyroid cancer is an individualized therapy.

Citing Articles

Molecular genetics, therapeutics and RET inhibitor resistance for medullary thyroid carcinoma and future perspectives.

Zhang Y, Zheng W, Zhou S, Gu J, Yu Q, Zhu Y Cell Commun Signal. 2024; 22(1):460.

PMID: 39342195 PMC: 11439284. DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01837-x.

Identification and validation of potential common biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis through bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.

Jiang H, He Y, Lan X, Xie X Sci Rep. 2024; 14(1):15578.

PMID: 38971817 PMC: 11227570. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66162-2.

Adjusted association between type 2 immunity and low risk thyroid nodules: a retrospective cohort study.

Wang S, Wang X, Hua X, Jiang S, Xie Y, Liu H BMC Endocr Disord. 2022; 22(1):2.

PMID: 34983483 PMC: 8725489. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00917-0.

The mechanisms of celastrol in treating papillary thyroid carcinoma based on network pharmacology and experiment verification.

Yi J, Tian M, Hu L, Kang N, Ma W, Zhi J Ann Transl Med. 2021; 9(10):866.

PMID: 34164500 PMC: 8184492. DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1854.

Akt1 genetic variants confer increased susceptibility to thyroid cancer.

Crezee T, Petrulea M, Piciu D, Jaeger M, Smit J, Plantinga T Endocr Connect. 2020; 9(11):1065-1074.

PMID: 33112820 PMC: 7774771. DOI: 10.1530/EC-20-0311.

References

Modi J, Patel A, Terrell R, Tuttle R, Francis G . Papillary thyroid carcinomas from young adults and children contain a mixture of lymphocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88(9):4418-25. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-030342. View

Zhou G, Drake C, Levitsky H . Amplification of tumor-specific regulatory T cells following therapeutic cancer vaccines. Blood. 2005; 107(2):628-36. PMC: 1895618. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-07-2737. View

Schott M . Immunesurveillance by dendritic cells: potential implication for immunotherapy of endocrine cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2006; 13(3):779-95. DOI: 10.1677/erc.1.01133. View

Guarino V, Castellone M, Avilla E, Melillo R . Thyroid cancer and inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009; 321(1):94-102. DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.10.003. View

Carlomagno F, Vitagliano D, Guida T, Basolo F, Castellone M, Melillo R . Efficient inhibition of RET/papillary thyroid carcinoma oncogenic kinases by 4-amino-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88(4):1897-902. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2002-021278. View

Haanen J, Baars A, Gomez R, Weder P, Smits M, de Gruijl T . Melanoma-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes but not circulating melanoma-specific T cells may predict survival in resected advanced-stage melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005; 55(4):451-8. PMC: 11030194. DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0018-5. View

Ma H, Ke Y, Li Q, Kapp J . Bovine and human insulin activate CD8+-autoreactive CTL expressing both type 1 and type 2 cytokines in C57BL/6 mice. J Immunol. 1999; 164(1):86-92. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.1.86. View

Conticello C, Pedini F, Zeuner A, Patti M, Zerilli M, Stassi G . IL-4 protects tumor cells from anti-CD95 and chemotherapeutic agents via up-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins. J Immunol. 2004; 172(9):5467-77. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.9.5467. View

Haupt K, Siegel F, Lu M, Yang D, Hilken G, Mann K . Induction of a cellular and humoral immune response against preprocalcitonin by genetic i: a potential new treatment for medullary thyroid carcinoma. Endocrinology. 2001; 142(3):1017-23. DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.3.8014. View

10.

Boi F, Lai M, Marziani B, Minerba L, Faa G, Mariotti S . High prevalence of suspicious cytology in thyroid nodules associated with positive thyroid autoantibodies. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005; 153(5):637-42. DOI: 10.1530/eje.1.02020. View

11.

Cunha L, Ward L . Comments on "well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma with concomitant Hashimoto's thyroiditis present with less aggressive clinical stage and low recurrence". Endocr Pathol. 2011; 22(3):172-3. DOI: 10.1007/s12022-011-9171-x. View

12.

Proietti A, Ugolini C, Melillo R, Crisman G, Elisei R, Santoro M . Higher intratumoral expression of CD1a, tryptase, and CD68 in a follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma compared to adenomas: correlation with clinical and pathological parameters. Thyroid. 2011; 21(11):1209-15. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0059. View

13.

Caillou B, Talbot M, Weyemi U, Pioche-Durieu C, Al Ghuzlan A, Bidart J . Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) form an interconnected cellular supportive network in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. PLoS One. 2011; 6(7):e22567. PMC: 3141071. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022567. View

14.

Reichert T, Day R, Wagner E, Whiteside T . Absent or low expression of the zeta chain in T cells at the tumor site correlates with poor survival in patients with oral carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1998; 58(23):5344-7. View

15.

Herrmann G, Schumm-Draeger P, Muller C, Atai E, Wenzel B, Fabian T . T lymphocytes, CD68-positive cells and vascularisation in thyroid carcinomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1994; 120(11):651-6. DOI: 10.1007/BF01245376. View

16.

Acikalin M, Oner U, Topcu I, Yasar B, Kiper H, Colak E . Tumour angiogenesis and mast cell density in the prognostic assessment of colorectal carcinomas. Dig Liver Dis. 2005; 37(3):162-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2004.09.028. View

17.

Wirtschafter A, Schmidt R, Rosen D, Kundu N, Santoro M, Fusco A . Expression of the RET/PTC fusion gene as a marker for papillary carcinoma in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Laryngoscope. 1997; 107(1):95-100. DOI: 10.1097/00005537-199701000-00019. View

18.

Lim D, Baek K, Lee Y, Park W, Kim M, Kang M . Clinical, histopathological, and molecular characteristics of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Thyroid. 2007; 17(9):883-8. DOI: 10.1089/thy.2007.0001. View

19.

Fiumara A, Belfiore A, Russo G, Salomone E, Santonocito G, Ippolito O . In situ evidence of neoplastic cell phagocytosis by macrophages in papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997; 82(5):1615-20. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.82.5.3909. View

20.

Siironen P, Ristimaki A, Narko K, Nordling S, Louhimo J, Andersson S . VEGF-C and COX-2 expression in papillary thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2006; 13(2):465-73. DOI: 10.1677/erc.1.01114. View