Chemokine Receptors As Important Regulators of Pathogenesis During Arboviral Encephalitis

Overview

Journal Front Cell Neurosci

Specialty Cell Biology

Date 2014 Oct 18

PMID 25324719

Citations 23

Authors

Daniela Michlmayr

Jean K Lim

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The central nervous system (CNS) is a highly complex network comprising long-lived neurons and glial cells. Accordingly, numerous mechanisms have evolved to tightly regulate the initiation of inflammatory responses within the brain. Under neuroinflammatory conditions, as in the case of viral encephalitides, the infiltration of leukocytes is often required for efficient viral clearance and recovery. The orchestration of leukocyte migration into the inflamed CNS is largely coordinated by a large family of chemotactic cytokines and their receptors. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of how chemokines promote protection or pathogenesis during arbovirus induced encephalitis, focusing on neurotropic flaviviruses and alphaviruses. Furthermore, we will highlight the latest developments in chemokine and chemokine receptor based drugs that could have potential as therapeutics and have been shown to play a pivotal role in shaping the outcome of disease.

Citing Articles

Temporal tracking of microglial and monocyte single-cell transcriptomics in lethal flavivirus infection.

Spiteri A, Wishart C, Ni D, Viengkhou B, Macia L, Hofer M Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2023; 11(1):60.

PMID: 37016414 PMC: 10074823. DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01547-4.

EGR1 Upregulation during Encephalitic Viral Infections Contributes to Inflammation and Cell Death.

Lehman C, Smith A, Kelly J, Jacobs J, Dinman J, Kehn-Hall K Viruses. 2022; 14(6).

PMID: 35746681 PMC: 9227295. DOI: 10.3390/v14061210.

The increased intrathecal expression of the monocyte-attracting chemokines CCL7 and CXCL12 in tick-borne encephalitis.

Grygorczuk S, Czupryna P, Pancewicz S, Swierzbinska R, Dunaj J, Siemieniako A J Neurovirol. 2021; 27(3):452-462.

PMID: 33876413 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-00975-z.

Mayaro Virus Infects Human Brain Cells and Induces a Potent Antiviral Response in Human Astrocytes.

Bengue M, Ferraris P, Barthelemy J, Diagne C, Hamel R, Liegeois F Viruses. 2021; 13(3).

PMID: 33799906 PMC: 8001792. DOI: 10.3390/v13030465.

Zika Virus Infection Leads to Demyelination and Axonal Injury in Mature CNS Cultures.

Schultz V, Cumberworth S, Gu Q, Johnson N, Donald C, McCanney G Viruses. 2021; 13(1).

PMID: 33440758 PMC: 7827345. DOI: 10.3390/v13010091.

References

Winter P, Dung N, Loan H, Kneen R, Wills B, Thu L . Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in humans with Japanese encephalitis. J Infect Dis. 2004; 190(9):1618-26. DOI: 10.1086/423328. View

Ben-Nathan D, Huitinga I, Lustig S, van Rooijen N, Kobiler D . West Nile virus neuroinvasion and encephalitis induced by macrophage depletion in mice. Arch Virol. 1996; 141(3-4):459-69. DOI: 10.1007/BF01718310. View

Michlmayr D, McKimmie C, Pingen M, Haxton B, Mansfield K, Johnson N . Defining the chemokine basis for leukocyte recruitment during viral encephalitis. J Virol. 2014; 88(17):9553-67. PMC: 4136330. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.03421-13. View

Chen C, Ou Y, Chang C, Pan H, Liao S, Raung S . TNF-α and IL-1β mediate Japanese encephalitis virus-induced RANTES gene expression in astrocytes. Neurochem Int. 2010; 58(2):234-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.12.009. View

Parsons L, Webb H . Virus titres and persistently raised white cell counts in cerebrospinal fluid in mice after peripheral infection with demyelinating Semliki Forest virus. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1982; 8(5):395-401. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1982.tb00307.x. View

Mirzadegan T, Diehl F, Ebi B, Bhakta S, Polsky I, McCarley D . Identification of the binding site for a novel class of CCR2b chemokine receptor antagonists: binding to a common chemokine receptor motif within the helical bundle. J Biol Chem. 2000; 275(33):25562-71. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M000692200. View

Soriano S, Amaravadi L, Wang Y, Zhou H, Yu G, Tonra J . Mice deficient in fractalkine are less susceptible to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Neuroimmunol. 2002; 125(1-2):59-65. DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00033-4. View

Hussmann K, Fredericksen B . Differential induction of CCL5 by pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of West Nile virus in brain endothelial cells and astrocytes. J Gen Virol. 2014; 95(Pt 4):862-867. PMC: 3973477. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.060558-0. View

Glass W, Lim J, Cholera R, Pletnev A, Gao J, Murphy P . Chemokine receptor CCR5 promotes leukocyte trafficking to the brain and survival in West Nile virus infection. J Exp Med. 2005; 202(8):1087-98. PMC: 2213214. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20042530. View

10.

Diamond M, Gale Jr M . Cell-intrinsic innate immune control of West Nile virus infection. Trends Immunol. 2012; 33(10):522-30. PMC: 3461102. DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.05.008. View

11.

Purtha W, Chachu K, Virgin 4th H, Diamond M . Early B-cell activation after West Nile virus infection requires alpha/beta interferon but not antigen receptor signaling. J Virol. 2008; 82(22):10964-74. PMC: 2573246. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01646-08. View

12.

Jones K, Patel N, Levy M, Storeygard A, Balk D, Gittleman J . Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 2008; 451(7181):990-3. PMC: 5960580. DOI: 10.1038/nature06536. View

13.

Serbina N, Pamer E . Monocyte emigration from bone marrow during bacterial infection requires signals mediated by chemokine receptor CCR2. Nat Immunol. 2006; 7(3):311-7. DOI: 10.1038/ni1309. View

14.

Gupta N, Lakshmana Rao P . Transcriptomic profile of host response in Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Virol J. 2011; 8:92. PMC: 3058095. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-92. View

15.

Bai F, Kong K, Dai J, Qian F, Zhang L, Brown C . A paradoxical role for neutrophils in the pathogenesis of West Nile virus. J Infect Dis. 2010; 202(12):1804-12. PMC: 3053000. DOI: 10.1086/657416. View

16.

Horuk R . Chemokine receptor antagonists: overcoming developmental hurdles. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2008; 8(1):23-33. DOI: 10.1038/nrd2734. View

17.

Zajkowska J, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Pancewicz S, Muszynska-Mazur A, Kondrusik M, Grygorczuk S . Evaluation of CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 and CXCL13 chemokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with tick borne encephalitis (TBE). Adv Med Sci. 2011; 56(2):311-7. DOI: 10.2478/v10039-011-0033-z. View

18.

Frantz S . Drug discovery: playing dirty. Nature. 2005; 437(7061):942-3. DOI: 10.1038/437942a. View

19.

Cao S, Li Y, Ye J, Yang X, Chen L, Liu X . Japanese encephalitis Virus wild strain infection suppresses dendritic cells maturation and function, and causes the expansion of regulatory T cells. Virol J. 2011; 8:39. PMC: 3038949. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-39. View

20.

Sunnemark D, Eltayeb S, Nilsson M, Wallstrom E, Lassmann H, Olsson T . CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CX3CR1 expression in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: kinetics and cellular origin. J Neuroinflammation. 2005; 2:17. PMC: 1188067. DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-2-17. View