Role of Myeloid Cells in HIV-1-host Interplay

Overview

Journal J Neurovirol

Publisher Springer

Specialties Microbiology
Neurology

Date 2014 Sep 20

PMID 25236811

Citations 20

Authors

Mario Stevenson

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The AIDS research field has embarked on a bold mission to cure HIV-1-infected individuals of the virus. To do so, scientists are attempting to identify the reservoirs that support viral persistence in patients on therapy, to understand how viral persistence is regulated and to come up with strategies that interrupt viral persistence and that eliminate the viral reservoirs. Most of the attention regarding the cure of HIV-1 infection has focused on the CD4+ T cell reservoir. Investigators are developing tools to probe the CD4+ T cell reservoirs as well as in vitro systems that provide clues on how to perturb them. By comparison, the myeloid cell, and in particular, the macrophage has received far less attention. As a consequence, there is very little understanding as to the role played by myeloid cells in viral persistence in HIV-1-infected individuals on suppressive therapy. As such, should myeloid cells constitute a viral reservoir, unique strategies may be required for their elimination. This article will overview research that is examining the role of macrophage in virus-host interplay and will discuss features of this interplay that could impact efforts to eliminate myeloid cell reservoirs.

Citing Articles

Cutting edge strategies for screening of novel anti-HIV drug candidates against HIV infection: A concise overview of cell based assays.

Gaikwad S, Phatak P, Mukherjee A Heliyon. 2023; 9(5):e16027.

PMID: 37215829 PMC: 10195898. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16027.

S100A8-mediated metabolic adaptation controls HIV-1 persistence in macrophages in vivo.

Real F, Zhu A, Huang B, Belmellat A, Sennepin A, Vogl T Nat Commun. 2022; 13(1):5956.

PMID: 36220814 PMC: 9553955. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33401-x.

Challenges and Opportunities of Therapies Targeting Early Life Immunity for Pediatric HIV Cure.

Berendam S, Nelson A, Yagnik B, Goswami R, Styles T, Neja M Front Immunol. 2022; 13:885272.

PMID: 35911681 PMC: 9325996. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.885272.

Neuroimmunology of CNS HIV Infection: A Narrative Review.

Meyer A, Njamnshi A, Gisslen M, Price R Front Neurol. 2022; 13:843801.

PMID: 35775044 PMC: 9237409. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.843801.

Cell-to-Cell Spreading of HIV-1 in Myeloid Target Cells Escapes SAMHD1 Restriction.

Xie M, Leroy H, Mascarau R, Woottum M, Dupont M, Ciccone C mBio. 2019; 10(6).

PMID: 31744918 PMC: 6867896. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02457-19.

References

Hashimoto D, Chow A, Noizat C, Teo P, Beasley M, Leboeuf M . Tissue-resident macrophages self-maintain locally throughout adult life with minimal contribution from circulating monocytes. Immunity. 2013; 38(4):792-804. PMC: 3853406. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.04.004. View

Shan L, Deng K, Shroff N, Durand C, Rabi S, Yang H . Stimulation of HIV-1-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes facilitates elimination of latent viral reservoir after virus reactivation. Immunity. 2012; 36(3):491-501. PMC: 3501645. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.01.014. View

Orenstein J, Fox C, Wahl S . Macrophages as a source of HIV during opportunistic infections. Science. 1997; 276(5320):1857-61. DOI: 10.1126/science.276.5320.1857. View

Yukl S, Shergill A, Ho T, Killian M, Girling V, Epling L . The distribution of HIV DNA and RNA in cell subsets differs in gut and blood of HIV-positive patients on ART: implications for viral persistence. J Infect Dis. 2013; 208(8):1212-20. PMC: 3778964. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit308. View

Churchill M, Nath A . Where does HIV hide? A focus on the central nervous system. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013; 8(3):165-9. PMC: 5241183. DOI: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32835fc601. View

Chomont N, El-Far M, Ancuta P, Trautmann L, Procopio F, Yassine-Diab B . HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation. Nat Med. 2009; 15(8):893-900. PMC: 2859814. DOI: 10.1038/nm.1972. View

De Meyer I, Martinet W, De Meyer G . Therapeutic strategies to deplete macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012; 74(2):246-63. PMC: 3630745. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04211.x. View

Gomez Perdiguero E, Geissmann F . Cancer immunology. Identifying the infiltrators. Science. 2014; 344(6186):801-2. DOI: 10.1126/science.1255117. View

Samejima K, Earnshaw W . Trashing the genome: the role of nucleases during apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2005; 6(9):677-88. DOI: 10.1038/nrm1715. View

10.

Perelson A . Modelling viral and immune system dynamics. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002; 2(1):28-36. DOI: 10.1038/nri700. View

11.

Goulder P, Watkins D . Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008; 8(8):619-30. PMC: 2963026. DOI: 10.1038/nri2357. View

12.

Joseph S, Arrildt K, Swanstrom A, Schnell G, Lee B, Hoxie J . Quantification of entry phenotypes of macrophage-tropic HIV-1 across a wide range of CD4 densities. J Virol. 2013; 88(4):1858-69. PMC: 3911544. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02477-13. View

13.

Yukl S, Sinclair E, Somsouk M, Hunt P, Epling L, Killian M . A comparison of methods for measuring rectal HIV levels suggests that HIV DNA resides in cells other than CD4+ T cells, including myeloid cells. AIDS. 2013; 28(3):439-42. PMC: 4130176. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000166. View

14.

Swingler S, Mann A, Zhou J, Swingler C, Stevenson M . Apoptotic killing of HIV-1-infected macrophages is subverted by the viral envelope glycoprotein. PLoS Pathog. 2007; 3(9):1281-90. PMC: 2323301. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030134. View

15.

Wu L . Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms of the Retroviral Restriction Factor SAMHD1. ISRN Biochem. 2014; 2013. PMC: 3918895. DOI: 10.1155/2013/728392. View

16.

Wonderlich E, Leonard J, Collins K . HIV immune evasion disruption of antigen presentation by the HIV Nef protein. Adv Virus Res. 2011; 80:103-27. PMC: 3782996. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385987-7.00005-1. View

17.

Liou L, Herrmann C, Rice A . Transient induction of cyclin T1 during human macrophage differentiation regulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat transactivation function. J Virol. 2002; 76(21):10579-87. PMC: 136632. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.21.10579-10587.2002. View

18.

Bailey J, Sedaghat A, Kieffer T, Brennan T, Lee P, Wind-Rotolo M . Residual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viremia in some patients on antiretroviral therapy is dominated by a small number of invariant clones rarely found in circulating CD4+ T cells. J Virol. 2006; 80(13):6441-57. PMC: 1488985. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00591-06. View

19.

Ruelas D, Greene W . An integrated overview of HIV-1 latency. Cell. 2013; 155(3):519-29. PMC: 4361081. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.044. View

20.

Ayinde D, Casartelli N, Schwartz O . Restricting HIV the SAMHD1 way: through nucleotide starvation. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012; 10(10):675-80. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2862. View