Berlin Evaluates School Tobacco Prevention - BEST Prevention: Study Design and Methodology

Overview

Journal BMC Public Health

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Public Health

Date 2014 Aug 25

PMID 25150368

Citations 4

Authors

Falk Muller-Riemenschneider

Lilian Krist

Christin Burger

Nanette Strobele-Benschop

Stephanie Roll

Nina Rieckmann

Jacqueline Muller-Nordhorn

Stefan N Willich

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The hazardous health effects of smoking are established, but there remains a need to evaluate existing smoking prevention strategies and to increase their effectiveness in adolescents. Strategies focusing on parental attitudes and rule setting have been identified as a potentially effective approach. The present manuscript describes objectives, study design and methodology of the BEST Prevention study.

Methods/design: BEST Prevention is a three-armed cluster randomized-controlled trial among 7th grade (11-16 years) students in Berlin, Germany. Schools were enrolled between 2010 and 2011 and allocated using a centralized randomization list into 1) a student smoking prevention intervention (visit to an established interactive circuit), 2) the same intervention plus a parent intervention, and 3) a control group (visit to an established exercise and nutrition interactive circuit). Students were assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 months via self-report, as well as via carbon monoxide and cotinine in saliva at the 24 month follow-up. Statistical analyses uses multi-level regression models with cluster effects (school and class within school) based on the intention to treat population. Here we report descriptive baseline characteristics of recruited schools, and schools classes. Two schools from the control group dropped out after allocation. Hence, 47 secondary schools from all 12 districts of the city, including 161 school classes and 3023 students are participating in the study. Of those, 2801 students completed the baseline assessment.

Discussion: The present manuscript provides details on the study design and methodology of a large school-based smoking prevention trial in a metropolitan area in Germany. Findings from this study will yield important insight into the long-term effectiveness of specific smoking prevention strategies, also in disadvantaged population groups.

Trial Registration: NCT01306552 (January 2011).

Citing Articles

Determinants of Physical Activity and Screen Time Trajectories in 7th to 9th Grade Adolescents-A Longitudinal Study.

Krist L, Roll S, Stroebele-Benschop N, Rieckmann N, Muller-Nordhorn J, Burger C Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(4).

PMID: 32098117 PMC: 7068460. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041401.

Process Evaluation of a Medical Student-Delivered Smoking Prevention Program for Secondary Schools: Protocol for the Education Against Tobacco Cluster Randomized Trial.

Brinker T, Buslaff F, Suhre J, Silchmuller M, Divizieva E, Wilhelm J JMIR Res Protoc. 2019; 8(4):e13508.

PMID: 30973348 PMC: 6482400. DOI: 10.2196/13508.

Association of individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status with physical activity and screen time in seventh-grade boys and girls in Berlin, Germany: a cross-sectional study.

Krist L, Burger C, Strobele-Benschop N, Roll S, Lotz F, Rieckmann N BMJ Open. 2017; 7(12):e017974.

PMID: 29288179 PMC: 5770905. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017974.

A Medical Student-Delivered Smoking Prevention Program, Education Against Tobacco, for Secondary Schools in Germany: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Brinker T, Owczarek A, Seeger W, Groneberg D, Brieske C, Jansen P J Med Internet Res. 2017; 19(6):e199.

PMID: 28588007 PMC: 5478798. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.7906.

References

Richter M, Pfortner T, Lampert T . [Changes in tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use by adolescents from 2002 to 2010 in Germany]. Gesundheitswesen. 2012; 74 Suppl:S42-8. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314812. View

Warren C, Lea V, Lee J, Jones N, Asma S, McKenna M . Change in tobacco use among 13-15 year olds between 1999 and 2008: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Glob Health Promot. 2009; 16(2 Suppl):38-90. DOI: 10.1177/1757975909342192. View

Cooke F, Bullen C, Whittaker R, McRobbie H, Chen M, Walker N . Diagnostic accuracy of NicAlert cotinine test strips in saliva for verifying smoking status. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008; 10(4):607-12. DOI: 10.1080/14622200801978680. View

Zatonski W, Przewozniak K, Sulkowska U, West R, Wojtyla A . Tobacco smoking in countries of the European Union. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012; 19(2):181-92. View

Warren C, Jones N, Peruga A, Chauvin J, Baptiste J, Costa de Silva V . Global youth tobacco surveillance, 2000-2007. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2008; 57(1):1-28. View

Jarvis M, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Feyerabend C, Vesey C, Saloojee Y . Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers. Am J Public Health. 1987; 77(11):1435-8. PMC: 1647100. DOI: 10.2105/ajph.77.11.1435. View

Ng M, Freeman M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Thomson B . Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980-2012. JAMA. 2014; 311(2):183-92. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.284692. View

Muller-Riemenschneider F, Nocon M, Willich S . Prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in German adolescents. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009; 17(2):204-10. DOI: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e328334703d. View

Stanton B, Cole M, Galbraith J, Li X, Pendleton S, Cottrel L . Randomized trial of a parent intervention: parents can make a difference in long-term adolescent risk behaviors, perceptions, and knowledge. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004; 158(10):947-55. DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.158.10.947. View

10.

Volzke H, Neuhauser H, Moebus S, Baumert J, Berger K, Stang A . Urban-rural disparities in smoking behaviour in Germany. BMC Public Health. 2006; 6:146. PMC: 1513566. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-146. View

11.

Guilamo-Ramos V, Jaccard J, Dittus P, Gonzalez B, Bouris A, Banspach S . The Linking Lives health education program: a randomized clinical trial of a parent-based tobacco use prevention program for african american and latino youths. Am J Public Health. 2010; 100(9):1641-7. PMC: 2920962. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.171637. View

12.

Curry S, Hollis J, Bush T, Polen M, Ludman E, Grothaus L . A randomized trial of a family-based smoking prevention intervention in managed care. Prev Med. 2003; 37(6 Pt 1):617-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.09.015. View

13.

Gilman S, Rende R, Boergers J, Abrams D, Buka S, Clark M . Parental smoking and adolescent smoking initiation: an intergenerational perspective on tobacco control. Pediatrics. 2009; 123(2):e274-81. PMC: 2632764. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-2251. View

14.

Thomas R, McLellan J, Perera R . School-based programmes for preventing smoking. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; (4):CD001293. PMC: 7028068. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001293.pub3. View

15.

Jackson C, Dickinson D . Enabling parents who smoke to prevent their children from initiating smoking: results from a 3-year intervention evaluation. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006; 160(1):56-62. DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.160.1.56. View

16.

Thomas R, Baker P, Lorenzetti D . Family-based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007; (1):CD004493. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004493.pub2. View

17.

Sargent J, DAlton M . Does parental disapproval of smoking prevent adolescents from becoming established smokers?. Pediatrics. 2001; 108(6):1256-62. DOI: 10.1542/peds.108.6.1256. View

18.

Muller-Riemenschneider F, Bockelbrink A, Reinhold T, Rasch A, Greiner W, Willich S . Long-term effectiveness of behavioural interventions to prevent smoking among children and youth. Tob Control. 2008; 17(5):301-2. DOI: 10.1136/tc.2007.024281. View

19.

Harakeh Z, Scholte R, de Vries H, Engels R . Parental rules and communication: their association with adolescent smoking. Addiction. 2005; 100(6):862-70. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01067.x. View

20.

Albers A, Biener L, Siegel M, Cheng D, Rigotti N . Household smoking bans and adolescent antismoking attitudes and smoking initiation: findings from a longitudinal study of a Massachusetts youth cohort. Am J Public Health. 2008; 98(10):1886-93. PMC: 2636471. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.129320. View