Herpes Simplex Virus Meningitis in Children in South East of Caspian Sea, Iran

Overview

Journal Jundishapur J Microbiol

Publisher Brieflands

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2014 Aug 23

PMID 25147651

Citations 8

Authors

Somayeh Azadfar

Fatemeh Cheraghali

Abdolvahab Moradi

Naeme Javid

Alijan Tabarraei

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a member of Herpesviridae and a leading cause of human viral diseases. Meningitis occurs as a complication of HSV-1 or HSV-2 primary infection.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate HSV meningitis in children in Gorgan province, Iran.

Patients And Methods: Forty-five cerebrospinal fluid samples were taken from children referred with meningitis symptoms. Samples with negative bacterial culture results were tested for viral, biochemical and cytological assays. DNA extraction and PCR were performed.

Results: HSV-1 detected in 4 (8.8%) samples without any HSV-2 infections. Cases with positive results had fever and CSF pleocytosis. Vomiting, headache and higher count of WBC were observed in 3, 2 and 3 cases respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose and protein levels were normal and 3 cases showed positive C-reactive protein (CRP) results. Also erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was higher than normal in all positive cases.

Conclusions: Distribution of HSV types in children with meningitis in our area predominantly was type 1 compared with type 2, which has been reported more in other area.

Citing Articles

Prevalence of types 1 and 2 infections among suspected children of encephalitis in Kermanshah, Iran.

Fakhredini K, Soleimanjahi H, Bamdad T Iran J Microbiol. 2023; 15(1):149-154.

PMID: 37069915 PMC: 10105278. DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v15i1.11931.

Etiology, Clinical Phenotypes, Epidemiological Correlates, Laboratory Biomarkers and Diagnostic Challenges of Pediatric Viral Meningitis: Descriptive Review.

Al-Qahtani S, Shati A, Alqahtani Y, Ali A Front Pediatr. 2022; 10:923125.

PMID: 35783317 PMC: 9249085. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.923125.

Molecular identification and clinical characteristics of mumps virus and human herpesviruses associated with aseptic meningitis in South of Iran.

Taherkhani R, Farshadpour F Virusdisease. 2021; 32(4):666-673.

PMID: 34901323 PMC: 8630270. DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00718-y.

Viral Etiologies of Meningitis in Patients with Presumed Pyogenic Meningitis at University Hospitals in Ethiopia.

Geteneh A, Kassa T, Alemu D, Kiros M, Andualem H, Tenna A Infect Drug Resist. 2021; 14:1083-1088.

PMID: 33762832 PMC: 7982549. DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S304521.

Epidemiology of herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from meningitis in Iran.

Pormohammad A, Goudarzi H, Eslami G, Falah F, Taheri F, Ghadiri N New Microbes New Infect. 2020; 36:100688.

PMID: 32528686 PMC: 7276451. DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100688.

References

Logan S, MacMahon E . Viral meningitis. BMJ. 2008; 336(7634):36-40. PMC: 2174764. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39409.673657.AE. View

Fleming D, McQuillan G, Johnson R, Nahmias A, Aral S, Lee F . Herpes simplex virus type 2 in the United States, 1976 to 1994. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337(16):1105-11. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199710163371601. View

Prober C, Corey L, Brown Z, Hensleigh P, Frenkel L, Bryson Y . The management of pregnancies complicated by genital infections with herpes simplex virus. Clin Infect Dis. 1992; 15(6):1031-8. DOI: 10.1093/clind/15.6.1031. View

Rorabaugh M, Berlin L, HELDRICH F, Roberts K, Rosenberg L, Doran T . Aseptic meningitis in infants younger than 2 years of age: acute illness and neurologic complications. Pediatrics. 1993; 92(2):206-11. View

Shalabi M, Whitley R . Recurrent benign lymphocytic meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006; 43(9):1194-7. DOI: 10.1086/508281. View

Tafreshi N, Sadeghizadeh M, Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S, Ahadi A, Jahanzad I, Roostaee M . Development of a multiplex nested consensus PCR for detection and identification of major human herpesviruses in CNS infections. J Clin Virol. 2005; 32(4):318-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.05.018. View

Jaffe M, Srugo I, Tirosh E, Colin A, Tal Y . The ameliorating effect of lumbar puncture in viral meningitis. Am J Dis Child. 1989; 143(6):682-5. DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1989.02150180060021. View

Seehusen D, Reeves M, Fomin D . Cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Am Fam Physician. 2003; 68(6):1103-8. View

Read S, Kurtz J . Laboratory diagnosis of common viral infections of the central nervous system by using a single multiplex PCR screening assay. J Clin Microbiol. 1999; 37(5):1352-5. PMC: 84773. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.5.1352-1355.1999. View

10.

Hosseininasab A, Alborzi A, Ziyaeyan M, Jamalidoust M, Moeini M, Pouladfar G . Viral etiology of aseptic meningitis among children in southern Iran. J Med Virol. 2011; 83(5):884-8. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22056. View

11.

Fatahzadeh M, Schwartz R . Human herpes simplex virus infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis, and management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007; 57(5):737-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.06.027. View

12.

Kawana T, Kawaguchi T, Sakamoto S . Clinical and virological studies on genital herpes. Lancet. 1976; 2(7992):964. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90928-4. View

13.

Hashido M, Lee F, Nahmias A, Tsugami H, Isomura S, Nagata Y . An epidemiologic study of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection in Japan based on type-specific serological assays. Epidemiol Infect. 1998; 120(2):179-86. PMC: 2809388. DOI: 10.1017/s095026889700856x. View

14.

Markoulatos P, Georgopoulou A, Siafakas N, Plakokefalos E, Tzanakaki G, Kourea-Kremastinou J . Laboratory diagnosis of common herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system by a multiplex PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2001; 39(12):4426-32. PMC: 88560. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.12.4426-4432.2001. View

15.

Corey L, Whitley R, Stone E, Mohan K . Difference between herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 neonatal encephalitis in neurological outcome. Lancet. 1988; 1(8575-6):1-4. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90997-x. View

16.

Kupila L, Vuorinen T, Vainionpaa R, Hukkanen V, Marttila R, Kotilainen P . Etiology of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in an adult population. Neurology. 2006; 66(1):75-80. DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000191407.81333.00. View

17.

Vrioni G, Kalogeropoulos C, Gartzonika C, Priavali E, Levidiotou S . Usefulness of Herpes Consensus PCR methodology to routine diagnostic testing for herpesviruses infections in clinical specimens. Virol J. 2007; 4:59. PMC: 1920502. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-4-59. View

18.

Whitley R . Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Clin Perinatol. 1988; 15(4):903-16. View

19.

Dagan R, Jenista J, Menegus M . Association of clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and virus serotypes with the presence of meningitis in hospitalized infants with enterovirus infection. J Pediatr. 1988; 113(6):975-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(88)80566-3. View