The Early Release of Actions by Loud Sounds in Muscles with Distinct Connectivity

Overview

Journal Exp Brain Res

Specialty Neurology

Date 2014 Aug 22

PMID 25142152

Citations 5

Authors

Welber Marinovic

Aymar de Rugy

Stephan Riek

James R Tresilian

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The presentation of an unexpected and loud auditory stimulus (LAS) during action preparation can trigger movement onset much sooner than normal. Recent research has attributed this effect to the activation of reticulospinal connections to the target muscles. To our knowledge, no studies have investigated the effects of LAS presentation in tasks requiring the simultaneous activation of muscles with different connectivity to motor areas of the brain. Here, we sought to establish the importance of muscle connectivity by asking participants to contract the orbicularis oris and abductor pollicis brevis muscles simultaneously. A LAS was randomly presented at 200 ms prior to the expected time of movement onset in an anticipatory timing task. We show that muscles controlled via bulbar connections to reticular formation can be triggered early by sound as much as muscles with spinal connections to the reticular formation.

Citing Articles

Response triggering by an acoustic stimulus increases with stimulus intensity and is best predicted by startle reflex activation.

Maslovat D, Sadler C, Smith V, Bui A, Carlsen A Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1):23612.

PMID: 34880317 PMC: 8655082. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02825-8.

Foreknowledge of an impending startling stimulus does not affect the proportion of startle reflexes or latency of StartReact responses.

Drummond N, Leguerrier A, Carlsen A Exp Brain Res. 2016; 235(2):379-388.

PMID: 27738717 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4795-1.

A broadband acoustic stimulus is more likely than a pure tone to elicit a startle reflex and prepared movements.

Carlsen A Physiol Rep. 2015; 3(8).

PMID: 26311832 PMC: 4562592. DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12509.

StartReact effects support different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying freezing of gait and postural instability in Parkinson's disease.

Nonnekes J, de Kam D, Oude Nijhuis L, van Geel K, Bloem B, Geurts A PLoS One. 2015; 10(3):e0122064.

PMID: 25803045 PMC: 4372416. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122064.

Responses to startling acoustic stimuli indicate that movement-related activation is constant prior to action: a replication with an alternate interpretation.

Maslovat D, Franks I, Leguerrier A, Carlsen A Physiol Rep. 2015; 3(2).

PMID: 25663524 PMC: 4393208. DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12300.

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