Sequence, Structure and Evolution of the Gene Coding for Sn-glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase in Drosophila Melanogaster

Overview

Journal Nucleic Acids Res

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 1989 Nov 11

PMID 2511555

Citations 12

Authors

G C Bewley

J L Cook

S Kusakabe

T Mukai

D L Rigby

G K Chambers

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We present the complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence for the gene encoding Drosophila sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. A transcription unit of 5kb was identified which is composed of eight protein encoding exons. Three classes of transcripts were shown to differ only in the 3'-end and to code for three protein isoforms each with a different C-terminal amino acid sequence. Each transcript is shown to arise through the differential expression of three isotype-specific exons at the 3'-end of the gene by a developmentally regulated process of 3'-end formation and alternate splicing pathways of the pre-mRNA. In contrast, the 5'-end of the gene is simple in structure and each mRNA is transcribed from the same promoter sequence. A comparison of the organization of the Drosophila and murine genes and the primary amino acid sequence between a total of four species indicates that the GPDH gene-enzyme system is highly conserved and is evolving slowly.

Citing Articles

Contrasting molecular population genetics of four hexokinases in Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans and D. yakuba.

Duvernell D, Eanes W Genetics. 2000; 156(3):1191-201.

PMID: 11063694 PMC: 1461338. DOI: 10.1093/genetics/156.3.1191.

Vagaries of the molecular clock.

Ayala F Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997; 94(15):7776-83.

PMID: 9223263 PMC: 33703. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.15.7776.

Erratic evolution of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila, Chymomyza, and Ceratitis.

Kwiatowski J, Krawczyk M, Jaworski M, Skarecky D, Ayala F J Mol Evol. 1997; 44(1):9-22.

PMID: 9010132 DOI: 10.1007/pl00006126.

Molecular structure of rare but geographically widespread sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 'ultra-fast' electrophoretic alleles in Drosophila melanogaster.

Wilanowski T, Barnes P, Gibson J Genetica. 1996; 97(2):165-72.

PMID: 8901136 DOI: 10.1007/BF00054623.

Molecular clock or erratic evolution? A tale of two genes.

Ayala F, Barrio E, Kwiatowski J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996; 93(21):11729-34.

PMID: 8876205 PMC: 38126. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.21.11729.

References

Cavener D . Comparison of the consensus sequence flanking translational start sites in Drosophila and vertebrates. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987; 15(4):1353-61. PMC: 340553. DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.4.1353. View

Bewley G . Heat stability studies at the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase locus in populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Genet. 1978; 16(7-8):769-75. DOI: 10.1007/BF00484734. View

Milkman R . Further evidence of thermostability variation within electrophoretic mobility classes of enzymes. Biochem Genet. 1976; 14(3-4):383-7. DOI: 10.1007/BF00484776. View

Cook J, Bewley G, SHAFFER J . Drosophila sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes are generated by alternate pathways of RNA processing resulting in different carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequences. J Biol Chem. 1988; 263(22):10858-64. View

Fukasawa K, Li S . Complete nucleotide sequence of the mouse lactate dehydrogenase-A functional gene: comparison of the exon-intron organization of dehydrogenase genes. Genetics. 1987; 116(1):99-105. PMC: 1203126. DOI: 10.1093/genetics/116.1.99. View

Bewley G . The genetic and epigenetic control of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isozyme expression during the development of Drosophila melanogaster. Isozymes Curr Top Biol Med Res. 1983; 9:33-62. View

Ross C, Curry S, Schwartz A, FONDY T . Multiple molecular forms of cytoplasmic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in rat liver. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1971; 145(2):591-603. DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(71)80019-x. View

Berger E . A temporal survey of allelic variation in natural and laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics. 1971; 67(1):121-36. PMC: 1212529. DOI: 10.1093/genetics/67.1.121. View

Breen G, McGinnis J, de Vellis J . Modulation of the hydrocortisone induction of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase by N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP, norepinephrine, and isobutylmethylxanthine in rat brain cell cultures. J Biol Chem. 1978; 253(8):2554-62. View

10.

Takano T, Kusakabe S, Koga A, Mukai T . Polymorphism for the number of tandemly multiplicated glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989; 86(13):5000-4. PMC: 297544. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.13.5000. View

11.

OBrien S, Macintyre R . The -glycerophosphate in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Genetic aspects. Genetics. 1972; 71(1):127-38. PMC: 1212767. DOI: 10.1093/genetics/71.1.127. View

12.

Bewley G, Niesel D, WILKINS J . Purification and characterization of the naturally occurring allelic variants of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1984; 79(1):23-32. DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(84)90071-3. View

13.

Cook J, SHAFFER J, Bewley G, Macintyre R, Wright D . Isolation of a genomic clone for Drosophila sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase using synthetic oligonucleotides. J Biol Chem. 1986; 261(25):11751-5. View

14.

Kimura M . The rate of molecular evolution considered from the standpoint of population genetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969; 63(4):1181-8. PMC: 223447. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.63.4.1181. View

15.

Comb M, Birnberg N, Seasholtz A, Herbert E, Goodman H . A cyclic AMP- and phorbol ester-inducible DNA element. Nature. 1986; 323(6086):353-6. DOI: 10.1038/323353a0. View

16.

Collier G, Macintyre R . Microcomplement fixation studies on the evolution of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase within the genus Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977; 74(2):684-8. PMC: 392357. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.684. View

17.

Niesel D, Bewley G, Miller S, Armstrong F, Lee C . Purification and structural analysis of the soluble sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes in Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem. 1980; 255(9):4073-80. View

18.

White 3rd H, Kaplan N . Purification and properties of two types of diphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenases from chicken breast muscle and chicken liver. J Biol Chem. 1969; 244(21):6031-9. View

19.

Mount S . A catalogue of splice junction sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982; 10(2):459-72. PMC: 326150. DOI: 10.1093/nar/10.2.459. View

20.

Niesel D, Pan Y, Bewley G, Armstrong F, Li S . Structural analysis of adult and larval isozymes of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem. 1982; 257(2):979-83. View