A Proposal for Six Sigma Integration for Large-Scale Production of Penicillin G and Subsequent Conversion to 6-APA

Overview

Journal J Anal Methods Chem

Publisher Wiley

Specialty Chemistry

Date 2014 Jul 25

PMID 25057428

Citations 2

Authors

Anirban Nandi

Sharadwata Pan

Ravichandra Potumarthi

Michael K Danquah

Indira P Sarethy

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Six Sigma methodology has been successfully applied to daily operations by several leading global private firms including GE and Motorola, to leverage their net profits. Comparatively, limited studies have been conducted to find out whether this highly successful methodology can be applied to research and development (R&D). In the current study, we have reviewed and proposed a process for a probable integration of Six Sigma methodology to large-scale production of Penicillin G and its subsequent conversion to 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA). It is anticipated that the important aspects of quality control and quality assurance will highly benefit from the integration of Six Sigma methodology in mass production of Penicillin G and/or its conversion to 6-APA.

Citing Articles

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Indigenous / Strain Portfolio for Penicillin V Production.

Sawant A, Navale V, Vamkudoth K Microorganisms. 2023; 11(5).

PMID: 37317105 PMC: 10221864. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051132.

Exploitation of E. coli for the production of penicillin G amidase: a tool for the synthesis of semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotics.

Sambyal K, Singh R J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2021; 19(1):156.

PMID: 34652570 PMC: 8521562. DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00263-7.

References

Scherrer S, Robas N, Zouheiry H, Branlant G, Branlant C . Periplasmic aggregation limits the proteolytic maturation of the Escherichia coli penicillin G amidase precursor polypeptide. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1994; 42(1):85-91. DOI: 10.1007/BF00170229. View

Roingeard P . Viral detection by electron microscopy: past, present and future. Biol Cell. 2008; 100(8):491-501. PMC: 7161876. DOI: 10.1042/BC20070173. View

Mattanovich D, Branduardi P, Dato L, Gasser B, Sauer M, Porro D . Recombinant protein production in yeasts. Methods Mol Biol. 2011; 824:329-58. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-433-9_17. View

Srirangan K, Orr V, Akawi L, Westbrook A, Moo-Young M, Chou C . Biotechnological advances on penicillin G acylase: pharmaceutical implications, unique expression mechanism and production strategies. Biotechnol Adv. 2013; 31(8):1319-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.05.006. View

Westers L, Westers H, Quax W . Bacillus subtilis as cell factory for pharmaceutical proteins: a biotechnological approach to optimize the host organism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004; 1694(1-3):299-310. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2004.02.011. View

Curry A, Bryden A, Morgan-Capner P, Fox A, Guiver M, Martin L . A rationalised virological electron microscope specimen testing policy. PHLS North West Viral Gastroenteritis and Electron Microscopy Subcommittee. J Clin Pathol. 1999; 52(6):471-4. PMC: 501438. DOI: 10.1136/jcp.52.6.471. View

Orr V, Scharer J, Moo-Young M, Honeyman C, Fenner D, Crossley L . Simultaneous clarification of Escherichia coli culture and purification of extracellularly produced penicillin G acylase using tangential flow filtration and anion-exchange membrane chromatography (TFF-AEMC). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2012; 900:71-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.05.039. View

Abian O, Mateo C, Fernandez-Lorente G, Guisan J, Fernandez-Lafuente R . Improving the industrial production of 6-APA: enzymatic hydrolysis of penicillin G in the presence of organic solvents. Biotechnol Prog. 2003; 19(6):1639-42. DOI: 10.1021/bp0340786. View

Aguilar O, Albiter V, Serrano-Carreon L, Rito-Palomares M . Direct comparison between ion-exchange chromatography and aqueous two-phase processes for the partial purification of penicillin acylase produced by E. coli. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006; 835(1-2):77-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.03.016. View

10.

Chou C . Engineering cell physiology to enhance recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007; 76(3):521-32. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1039-0. View

11.

Sriubolmas N, Panbangred W, Sriurairatana S, Meevootisom V . Localization and characterization of inclusion bodies in recombinant Escherichia coli cells overproducing penicillin G acylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1997; 47(4):373-8. DOI: 10.1007/s002530050943. View

12.

Bharat T, Davey N, Ulbrich P, Riches J, de Marco A, Rumlova M . Structure of the immature retroviral capsid at 8 Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy. Nature. 2012; 487(7407):385-9. DOI: 10.1038/nature11169. View

13.

Parmar A, Kumar H, Marwaha S, Kennedy J . Advances in enzymatic transformation of penicillins to 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA). Biotechnol Adv. 2003; 18(4):289-301. DOI: 10.1016/s0734-9750(00)00039-2. View

14.

Liu Y, ChangChien C, Suen S . Purification of penicillin G acylase using immobilized metal affinity membranes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003; 794(1):67-76. DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00417-3. View

15.

Flores G, Soberon X, Osuna J . Production of a fully functional, permuted single-chain penicillin G acylase. Protein Sci. 2004; 13(6):1677-83. PMC: 2279987. DOI: 10.1110/ps.03436604. View

16.

Fang S, Qiang T, Liu R, Xu X, Zhang Y . Enhanced production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid in aqueous methyl isobutyl ketone system with immobilized penicillin G acylase. Prep Biochem Biotechnol. 2009; 40(1):38-45. DOI: 10.1080/10826060903389489. View

17.

Roberts J, Thorley B, Bruggink L, Marshall J . Electron microscope detection of an endogenous infection of retrovirus-like particles in L20B cells. Microscopy (Oxf). 2013; 62(4):485-6. DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfs133. View

18.

McCaughey C, ONeill H, Wyatt D, Coyle P . Rationalised virological electron microscope specimen testing policy. J Clin Pathol. 2000; 53(2):163. PMC: 1763280. DOI: 10.1136/jcp.53.2.163. View

19.

Cao X, Wu X, Fonseca L, Cabral J, Marcos J . Production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid in aqueous two-phase systems by recombinant Escherichia coli with intracellular penicillin acylase. Biotechnol Lett. 2004; 26(2):97-101. DOI: 10.1023/b:bile.0000012885.62462.f3. View

20.

Gumpert J, Cron H, PLAPP R, Niersbach H, Hoischen C . Synthesis and secretion of recombinant penicillin G acylase in bacterial L-forms. J Basic Microbiol. 1996; 36(2):89-98. DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3620360205. View