[Inguinal Hernia in Children: Examine Thoroughly, Treat Rapidly]

An inguinal hernia is a protrusion of the intra-abdominal contents (in most cases the small bowel) via the inguinal canal towards the labium or the scrotum and is possible due to the fact that the processus vaginalis has not obliterated. It occurs in 1-2% of children. If surgical repair is not performed within a short period of time, the consequences can be far-reaching. Incarceration may occur, with the risk of ischaemia and necrosis. Morbidity and mortality due to inguinal hernias can be prevented by well-timed surgical interventions. The diagnosis can be made by the patient's history, and examination and palpation. Ultrasonography or other radiological tests are not indicated, although often performed. In this clinical lesson the Dutch guideline on inguinal hernias in children will be explicated with reference to three cases.