Inhibition of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Photothermolysis of Infected Cells Using Bioconjugated Gold Nanoparticles
Affiliations
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus that causes major health problems in neonates as well as in immunocompromised individuals. At present, a vaccine is not available for CMV infection and the available antiviral drugs suffer from toxicity, poor efficacy and resistance. Here, we chemically conjugated a monoclonal antibody raised against CMV surface glycoprotein (gB) with gold nanoparticles (GNP) and characterized the potential of this gB-GNP conjugate for antiviral activity against CMV. The gB-GNP blocks viral replication, virus-induced cytopathogenic effects and virus spread in cell culture without inducing cytotoxicity. High concentrations of gB-GNP that coat the surface of virus particles block virus entry, whereas lower concentrations block a later stage of virus life cycle. Also, cells treated with gB-GNP gain resistance to CMV infection. In addition, infected cells when bound to gB-GNP can be selectively lysed after exposing them to specific wavelength of laser (nanophotothermolysis). Thus, we have not only designed a potential antiviral strategy that specifically blocks CMV infection at multiple stages of virus life cycle, but we have also characterized a technique that can potentially be useful in eliminating CMV infected cells from donor tissue during transplant or transfusion.
Aspects of Antiviral Strategies Based on Different Phototherapy Approaches: Hit by the Light.
Kunstek H, Vreken F, Keita A, Hamblin M, Dumarcay F, Varbanov M Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022; 15(7).
PMID: 35890156 PMC: 9316526. DOI: 10.3390/ph15070858.
Sengupta A, Azharuddin M, Al-Otaibi N, Hinkula J Vaccines (Basel). 2022; 10(4).
PMID: 35455254 PMC: 9030786. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040505.
Pramanik A, Gao Y, Patibandla S, Mitra D, McCandless M, Fassero L Nanoscale Adv. 2021; 3(6):1588-1596.
PMID: 34381960 PMC: 8323809. DOI: 10.1039/d0na01007c.
Pramanik A, Gao Y, Patibandla S, Mitra D, McCandless M, Fassero L J Phys Chem Lett. 2021; 12(8):2166-2171.
PMID: 33629859 PMC: 7927280. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03570.
AbouAitah K, Swiderska-Sroda A, Kandeil A, Salman A, Wojnarowicz J, Ali M Int J Nanomedicine. 2020; 15:5181-5202.
PMID: 32801685 PMC: 7398888. DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S247692.