The Influence of Orthodontic Fixed Appliances on the Oral Microbiota: a Systematic Review

Overview

Journal Dental Press J Orthod

Specialty Dentistry

Date 2014 Jun 20

PMID 24945514

Citations 62

Authors

Amanda Osorio Ayres Freitas

Mariana Marquezan

Matilde da Cunha Goncalves Nojima

Daniela Sales Alviano

Lucianne Cople Maia

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether there is scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that the presence of orthodontic fixed appliances influences the oral microbiota.

Methods: The search for articles was conducted in PubMed; ISI Web of Knowledge and Ovid databases, including articles published in English until May 17th, 2012. They should report human observational studies presenting the following keywords: "fixed orthodontic appliance" AND "microbiological colonization"; OR "periodontal pathogens"; OR "Streptococcus"; OR "Lactobacillus"; OR "Candida"; OR "Tannerella forsythia"; OR "Treponema denticola"; OR "Fusobacterium nucleatum"; OR "Actimomyces actinomycetemcomitans"; OR "Prevotella intermedia"; OR "Prevotella nigrescens"; OR "Porphyromonas gingivalis". Articles were previously selected by title and abstract. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed and classified as having low, moderate or high methodology quality. A new detailed checklist for quality assessment was developed based on the information required for applicable data extraction for reviews. The study design, sample, follow-up period, collection and microbial analysis methods, statistical treatment, results and discussion were assessed.

Results: The initial search retrieved 305 articles of which 33 articles were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, 8 articles met the inclusion criteria, out of which 4 articles were classified as having low and 4 as moderate methodological quality. The moderate methodological quality studies were included in the systematic review.

Conclusions: The literature revealed moderate evidence that the presence of fixed appliances influences the quantity and quality of oral microbiota.

Citing Articles

The Differential Impact of Clear Aligners and Fixed Orthodontic Appliances on Periodontal Health: A Systematic Review.

Dipalma G, Inchingolo A, Fiore A, Balestriere L, Nardelli P, Casamassima L Children (Basel). 2025; 12(2).

PMID: 40003240 PMC: 11854263. DOI: 10.3390/children12020138.

A comparison of the alterations of oral microbiome with fixed orthodontic therapy and clear aligners: a systematic review.

Lucchese A, Marcolina M, Mancini N, Ferrarese R, Acconciaioco S, Gherlone E J Oral Microbiol. 2025; 17(1):2372751.

PMID: 39902218 PMC: 11789220. DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2372751.

Dynamic effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on oral health and oral microbiota: a prospective study.

Zhao M, Yu C, Su C, Wang H, Wang X, Weir M BMC Oral Health. 2024; 24(1):1537.

PMID: 39709380 PMC: 11662850. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-05356-6.

The effectiveness of oral irrigators on periodontal health status and oral hygiene of orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zarei Z, Yazdi M, Sadeghalbanaei L, Tahamtan S BMC Oral Health. 2024; 24(1):1469.

PMID: 39633346 PMC: 11619677. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-05255-w.

The Effectiveness of Probiotics on Oral Health During Adult Orthodontic Treatment With Fixed Appliances: A Two-Arm Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Albardawel L, Sultan K, Hajeer M, Maarouf M Cureus. 2024; 16(11):e73449.

PMID: 39534547 PMC: 11556445. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.73449.

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