Determinant and Outcome of Early Diagnosis of HIV Infection Among HIV-exposed Infants in Southwest Ethiopia

Overview

Journal BMC Res Notes

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Biology
General Medicine

Date 2014 Jun 3

PMID 24885260

Citations 21

Authors

Gebremedhin Derebe

Sibhatu Biadgilign

Marina Trivelli

Gemechis Hundessa

Zinash D Robi

Mikael Gebre-Mariam

Misrak Makonnen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) has been a fundamental advancement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) response for the past decade. Several countries have made great strides in the efforts to prevent HIV through mother-to-child transmission. The objective of this study is to assess the determinant and outcome of early diagnosis of HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants in southwest Ethiopia.

Methods: An institutional based retrospective cohort study was conducted in a hospital. Medical records of HIV-exposed infants and their mothers enrolled into the program were reviewed. Data entry and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 for Windows.

Results: A total of 426 HIV exposed infant-mother pairs where both mother and infants received a minimum ARV intervention for PMTCT were included in the study. Two hundred fifty-four (59.6%) of mothers had attended antenatal care (ANC). Of all participants, 234(54.9%) mothers did not receive any PMTCT prophylaxis during ANC, while only 104(24.4) received antiretroviral (ART) as PMTCT prophylaxis and 163(38.3%) claimed that did not observe any infant PMTCT interventions while 135(31.7%) of the infants received single-dose NVP + AZT. About 385(90.4%) infants were not infected at their final infection status. Those mothers who did not attended ANC follow-up, infants on mixed and complementary feeding and infants weaned off and mothers who were in WHO clinical stage III and IV were more likely to have HIV sero positive infant.

Conclusion: This study showed that 385(90.4%) of the infants were not infected at their final infection status. Therefore, encouraging pregnant women to visit health facilities during their course of pregnancy, focusing on exclusive breast feeding counseling and promotion, and early initiation of antiretroviral treatment to HIV infected pregnant women are recommend.

Citing Articles

Determinants of HIV infection at 18 months of age among HIV-exposed infants in the context of PMTCT interventions in southern Ethiopia.

Israel E, Astatkie A, Taye K, Christou A, Lejore E, Asefa A Front Reprod Health. 2024; 6:1452889.

PMID: 39588467 PMC: 11586338. DOI: 10.3389/frph.2024.1452889.

Prognostic factors influencing HIV-free survival among infants enrolled for HIV early infant diagnosis services in selected hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya.

Kiilu E, Karanja S, Kikuvi G, Wanzala P PLoS One. 2023; 18(10):e0292427.

PMID: 37792795 PMC: 10550113. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292427.

Incidence of HIV Infection among HIV-Exposed Iinfants at Gondar University Hospital from 2019-2021: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Kokeb M Ethiop J Health Sci. 2023; 33(2):211-218.

PMID: 37484187 PMC: 10358377. DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i2.5.

A Retrospective Study of Incidence and Predictors on Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV among HIV-Exposed Infants in West Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Degavi G, Safayi B, Gelchu Adola S, Demisse B, Utura T, Gemeda U AIDS Res Treat. 2022; 2022:2906490.

PMID: 35251712 PMC: 8890858. DOI: 10.1155/2022/2906490.

Final HIV status outcome for HIV-exposed infants at 18 months of age in nine states and the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.

Adelekan B, Harry-Erin B, Okposo M, Aliyu A, Ndembi N, Dakum P PLoS One. 2022; 17(2):e0263921.

PMID: 35157737 PMC: 8843197. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263921.

References

Creek T, Tanuri A, Smith M, Seipone K, Smit M, Legwaila K . Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus in infants using polymerase chain reaction on dried blood spots in Botswana's national program for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007; 27(1):22-6. DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181469050. View

Ota M, ODonovan D, Alabi A, Milligan P, Yamuah L, NGom P . Maternal HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection and child survival in The Gambia. AIDS. 2000; 14(4):435-9. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200003100-00018. View

Anoje C, Aiyenigba B, Suzuki C, Badru T, Akpoigbe K, Odo M . Reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV: findings from an early infant diagnosis program in south-south region of Nigeria. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12:184. PMC: 3317814. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-184. View

Msellati P, Hingst G, Kaba F, Viho I, Dabis F . Operational issues in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 1998-99. Bull World Health Organ. 2001; 79(7):641-7. PMC: 2566468. View

Dunn D, Newell M, Ades A, Peckham C . Risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission through breastfeeding. Lancet. 1992; 340(8819):585-8. DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92115-v. View

Abrams E, Wiener J, Carter R, Kuhn L, Palumbo P, Nesheim S . Maternal health factors and early pediatric antiretroviral therapy influence the rate of perinatal HIV-1 disease progression in children. AIDS. 2003; 17(6):867-77. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200304110-00012. View

Rakgoasi S . HIV counselling and testing of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Botswana, 2001. J Health Popul Nutr. 2005; 23(1):58-65. View

Becquet R, Ekouevi D, Menan H, Amani-Bosse C, Bequet L, Viho I . Early mixed feeding and breastfeeding beyond 6 months increase the risk of postnatal HIV transmission: ANRS 1201/1202 Ditrame Plus, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Prev Med. 2008; 47(1):27-33. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.11.014. View

Stringer E, Sinkala M, Stringer J, Mzyece E, Makuka I, Goldenberg R . Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Africa: successes and challenges in scaling-up a nevirapine-based program in Lusaka, Zambia. AIDS. 2003; 17(9):1377-82. PMC: 2745990. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200306130-00012. View

10.

Coutsoudis A, Pillay K, Spooner E, Kuhn L, Coovadia H . Influence of infant-feeding patterns on early mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Durban, South Africa: a prospective cohort study. South African Vitamin A Study Group. Lancet. 1999; 354(9177):471-6. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01101-0. View

11.

Zhang Q, Wang L, Jiang Y, Fang L, Pan P, Gong S . Early infant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 detection suitable for resource-limited settings with multiple circulating subtypes by use of nested three-monoplex DNA PCR and dried blood spots. J Clin Microbiol. 2007; 46(2):721-6. PMC: 2238144. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01539-07. View

12.

Newell M, Coovadia H, Cortina-Borja M, Rollins N, Gaillard P, Dabis F . Mortality of infected and uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers in Africa: a pooled analysis. Lancet. 2004; 364(9441):1236-43. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17140-7. View

13.

De Cock K, Fowler M, Mercier E, de Vincenzi I, Saba J, Hoff E . Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in resource-poor countries: translating research into policy and practice. JAMA. 2000; 283(9):1175-82. DOI: 10.1001/jama.283.9.1175. View

14.

Fabiani M, Cawthorne A, Nattabi B, Ayella E, Ogwang M, Declich S . Investigating factors associated with uptake of HIV voluntary counselling and testing among pregnant women living in North Uganda. AIDS Care. 2007; 19(6):733-9. DOI: 10.1080/09540120601087731. View

15.

Ogundele M, Coulter J . HIV transmission through breastfeeding: problems and prevention. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2003; 23(2):91-106. DOI: 10.1179/027249303235002161. View

16.

Ruton H, Mugwaneza P, Shema N, Lyambabaje A, de Dieu Bizimana J, Tsague L . HIV-free survival among nine- to 24-month-old children born to HIV-positive mothers in the Rwandan national PMTCT programme: a community-based household survey. J Int AIDS Soc. 2012; 15(1):4. PMC: 3293013. DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-15-4. View

17.

Leroy V, Ekouevi D, Becquet R, Viho I, Dequae-Merchadou L, Tonwe-Gold B . 18-month effectiveness of short-course antiretroviral regimens combined with alternatives to breastfeeding to prevent HIV mother-to-child transmission. PLoS One. 2008; 3(2):e1645. PMC: 2237904. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001645. View

18.

Biggar R, Janes M, Pilon R, Miotti P, Taha T, Broadhead R . Virus levels in untreated African infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis. 1999; 180(6):1838-43. DOI: 10.1086/315122. View

19.

Biggar R, Mtimavalye L, JUSTESEN A, Broadhead R, Miley W, Waters D . Does umbilical cord blood polymerase chain reaction positivity indicate in utero (pre-labor) HIV infection?. AIDS. 1997; 11(11):1375-82. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199711000-00012. View

20.

Blanche S, Mayaux M, Rouzioux C, Teglas J, Firtion G, Monpoux F . Relation of the course of HIV infection in children to the severity of the disease in their mothers at delivery. N Engl J Med. 1994; 330(5):308-12. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199402033300502. View