Cognitive Consequences of a Sustained Monocyte Type 1 IFN Response in HIV-1 Infection

Overview

Journal Curr HIV Res

Publisher Bentham Science Publishers

Date 2014 May 28

PMID 24862334

Citations 13

Authors

Lynn Pulliam

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

With successful antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1-infected subjects can achieve undetectable peripheral viral loads and immune homeostasis. However, in a subset of individuals on therapy, peripheral monocytes have a gene expression profile characteristic of a type 1 interferon α (IFN) response. This type 1 IFN response correlates with a number of pathogenic conditions including neural cell injury and in combination with HCV infection, cognitive impairment. Lessons from the non-human primate models of pathogenic and nonpathogenic SIV suggest that returning the initial IFN spike in acute SIV infection to normal allows the immune system to control infection and return to homeostasis. An IFN "alarm" signature, defined as monocyte activation with overexpression of the type1 IFN genes IFI27 and CD169, would be useful for identifying a subset of subjects with HIV-1 infection that could progress to a number of pathologies associated with immune activation including cognitive dysfunction. This strategy is being actively pursued for autoimmune diseases that are characterized by an IFN signature. Therapies to block the IFN signature are under investigation as a means to reset the immune system and in a subset of HIV-1-infected subjects may be an adjuvant to standard antiviral therapy to return cognitive function.

Citing Articles

Stochastic Modelling of HIV-1 Replication in a CD4 T Cell with an IFN Response.

Sazonov I, Grebennikov D, Savinkov R, Soboleva A, Pavlishin K, Meyerhans A Viruses. 2023; 15(2).

PMID: 36851511 PMC: 9966781. DOI: 10.3390/v15020296.

Association of White Matter Hyperintensities With HIV Status and Vascular Risk Factors.

Mina Y, Wu T, Hsieh H, Hammoud D, Shah S, Lau C Neurology. 2021; 96(14):e1823-e1834.

PMID: 33637630 PMC: 8105972. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011702.

Monocyte/Macrophage-Mediated Innate Immunity in HIV-1 Infection: From Early Response to Late Dysregulation and Links to Cardiovascular Diseases Onset.

Teer E, Joseph D, Glashoff R, Essop M Virol Sin. 2021; 36(4):565-576.

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Early Inflammatory Signatures Predict Subsequent Cognition in Long-Term Virally Suppressed Women With HIV.

Rubin L, Xu Y, Norris P, Wang X, Dastgheyb R, Fitzgerald K Front Integr Neurosci. 2020; 14:20.

PMID: 32390808 PMC: 7193823. DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2020.00020.

Hepatitis C Virus Cure in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection Dampens Inflammation and Improves Cognition Through Multiple Mechanisms.

Sun B, Abadjian L, Monto A, Freasier H, Pulliam L J Infect Dis. 2020; 222(3):396-406.

PMID: 32157304 PMC: 7336574. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa109.

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