Longitudinal Cohort Survey of Women's Smoking Behaviour and Attitudes in Pregnancy: Study Methods and Baseline Data

Overview

Journal BMJ Open

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2014 May 17

PMID 24833689

Citations 19

Authors

Sophie Orton

Katharine Bowker

Sue Cooper

Felix Naughton

Michael Ussher

Kate E Pickett

Jo Leonardi-Bee

Stephen Sutton

Nafeesa N Dhalwani

Tim Coleman

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: To report the methods used to assemble a contemporary pregnancy cohort for investigating influences on smoking behaviour before, during and after pregnancy and to report characteristics of women recruited.

Design: Longitudinal cohort survey.

Setting: Two maternity hospitals, Nottingham, England.

Participants: 3265 women who attended antenatal ultrasound scan clinics were offered cohort enrolment; those who were 8-26 weeks pregnant and were currently smoking or had recently stopped smoking were eligible. Cohort enrollment took place between August 2011 and August 2012.

Primary And Secondary Outcome Measures: Prevalence of smoking at cohort entry and at two follow-up time points (34-36 weeks gestation and 3 months postnatally); response rate, participants' sociodemographic characteristics.

Results: 1101 (33.7%, 95% CI 32.1% to 35.4%) women were eligible for inclusion in the cohort, and of these 850 (77.2%, 95% CI 74.6% to 79.6%) were recruited. Within the cohort, 57.4% (N=488, 95% CI 54.1% to 60.7%) reported to be current smokers. Current smokers were significantly younger than ex-smokers (p<0.05), more likely to have no formal qualifications and to not be in current paid employment compared to recent ex-smokers (p<0.001).

Conclusions: This contemporary cohort, which seeks very detailed information on smoking in pregnancy and its determinants, includes women with comparable sociodemographic characteristics to those in other UK cross-sectional studies and cohorts. This suggests that future analyses using this cohort and aimed at understanding smoking behaviour in pregnancy may produce findings that are broadly generalisable.

Citing Articles

The Relationship Between Reported Daily Nicotine Dose from NRT and Daily Cigarette Consumption in Pregnant Women Who Smoke in an Observational Cohort Study.

Orton S, Szatkowski L, Naughton F, Coleman T Nicotine Tob Res. 2023; 26(2):212-219.

PMID: 37534909 PMC: 10803113. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad140.

Quitting Smoking before and after Pregnancy: Study Methods and Baseline Data from a Prospective Cohort Study.

Cruvinel E, Richter K, Pollak K, Ellerbeck E, Nollen N, Gajewski B Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(16).

PMID: 36011811 PMC: 9408087. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610170.

Maternal nicotine exposure induces congenital heart defects in the offspring of mice.

Greco E, Engineer A, Saiyin T, Lu X, Zhang M, Jones D J Cell Mol Med. 2022; 26(11):3223-3234.

PMID: 35521669 PMC: 9170818. DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17328.

Barriers and Facilitators to Staying Smoke-Free after Having a Baby, a Qualitative Study: Women's Views on Support Needed to Prevent Returning to Smoking Postpartum.

Phillips L, Campbell K, Coleman T, Ussher M, Cooper S, Lewis S Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(21).

PMID: 34769875 PMC: 8583693. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111358.

Smoking and vaping patterns during pregnancy and the postpartum: A longitudinal UK cohort survey.

Bowker K, Lewis S, Ussher M, Naughton F, Phillips L, Coleman T Addict Behav. 2021; 123:107050.

PMID: 34343923 PMC: 8434421. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107050.

References

Thapar A, Fowler T, Rice F, Scourfield J, van den Bree M, Thomas H . Maternal smoking during pregnancy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in offspring. Am J Psychiatry. 2003; 160(11):1985-9. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1985. View

Pickett K, Wakschlag L, Dai L, Leventhal B . Fluctuations of maternal smoking during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 101(1):140-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02370-0. View

Mullen P, Carbonari J, Tabak E, Glenday M . Improving disclosure of smoking by pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 165(2):409-13. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90105-z. View

Rise J, Kovac V, Kraft P, Moan I . Predicting the intention to quit smoking and quitting behaviour: extending the theory of planned behaviour. Br J Health Psychol. 2007; 13(Pt 2):291-310. DOI: 10.1348/135910707X187245. View

Langley K, Rice F, van den Bree M, Thapar A . Maternal smoking during pregnancy as an environmental risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder behaviour. A review. Minerva Pediatr. 2006; 57(6):359-71. View

Rubin P, Craig G, Gavin K, Sumner D . Prospective survey of use of therapeutic drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes during pregnancy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986; 292(6513):81-3. PMC: 1339105. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.292.6513.81. View

Coleman T, Thornton J, Britton J, Lewis S, Watts K, Coughtrie M . Protocol for the smoking, nicotine and pregnancy (SNAP) trial: double-blind, placebo-randomised, controlled trial of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007; 7:2. PMC: 1764871. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-7-2. View

Naughton F, Prevost A, Gilbert H, Sutton S . Randomized controlled trial evaluation of a tailored leaflet and SMS text message self-help intervention for pregnant smokers (MiQuit). Nicotine Tob Res. 2012; 14(5):569-77. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr254. View

Weng S, Redsell S, Swift J, Yang M, Glazebrook C . Systematic review and meta-analyses of risk factors for childhood overweight identifiable during infancy. Arch Dis Child. 2012; 97(12):1019-26. PMC: 3512440. DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2012-302263. View

10.

Pickett K, Rathouz P, Kasza K, Wakschlag L, Wright R . Self-reported smoking, cotinine levels, and patterns of smoking in pregnancy. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2005; 19(5):368-76. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00660.x. View

11.

Dijkstra A, de Vries H . Do self-help interventions in health education lead to cognitive changes, and do cognitive changes lead to behavioural change?. Br J Health Psychol. 2003; 6(Pt 2):121-34. DOI: 10.1348/135910701169106. View

12.

Pickett K, Wood C, Adamson J, DSouza L, Desouza L, Wakschlag L . Meaningful differences in maternal smoking behaviour during pregnancy: implications for infant behavioural vulnerability. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008; 62(4):318-24. PMC: 10087306. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2006.058768. View

13.

Heatherton T, Kozlowski L, Frecker R, Rickert W, Robinson J . Measuring the heaviness of smoking: using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day. Br J Addict. 1989; 84(7):791-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03059.x. View

14.

Munafo M, Heron J, Araya R . Smoking patterns during pregnancy and postnatal period and depressive symptoms. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008; 10(11):1609-20. DOI: 10.1080/14622200802412895. View

15.

Pickett K, Wilkinson R, Wakschlag L . The psychosocial context of pregnancy smoking and quitting in the Millennium Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009; 63(6):474-80. PMC: 10263303. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2008.082594. View

16.

George L, Granath F, Johansson A, Cnattingius S . Self-reported nicotine exposure and plasma levels of cotinine in early and late pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006; 85(11):1331-7. DOI: 10.1080/00016340600935433. View

17.

Oken E, Levitan E, Gillman M . Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child overweight: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008; 32(2):201-10. PMC: 2586944. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803760. View

18.

Madeley R, Gillies P, Power F, Symonds E . Nottingham mothers stop smoking project -- baseline survey of smoking in pregnancy. Community Med. 1989; 11(2):124-30. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a042456. View

19.

Crystal S, Bowen D, Bernstein I . Morning sickness and salt intake, food cravings, and food aversions. Physiol Behav. 1999; 67(2):181-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00055-4. View

20.

Sutton S, Gilbert H . Effectiveness of individually tailored smoking cessation advice letters as an adjunct to telephone counselling and generic self-help materials: randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2007; 102(6):994-1000. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01831.x. View