An Investigation of Retronasal Testing of Olfactory Function in a Turkish Population

Overview

Journal Med Sci Monit

Specialties General Medicine
Pathology

Date 2014 Apr 8

PMID 24704823

Citations 5

Authors

Murat Salihoglu

Aytug Altundag

Melih Cayonu

Hakan Tekeli

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was: (1) to perform a preliminary study for the validation of ''retronasal olfactory testing'' in the Turkish population to find the best way to evaluate smell and taste disorders in Turkey; (2) to determine if cultural differences make application of the test more difficult; and (3) to determine the flavors that participants had not yet tasted by using the survey method.

Material And Methods: The study included 330 volunteers. Orthonasal olfactory function was assessed psycho-physically using the "Sniffin' Sticks" olfactory test. Retronasal olfaction was assessed using a collection of 20 available food powders applied to the oral cavity. Also, all participants filled in a questionnaire of 50 items about the flavors they had not tasted before.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 26 ± 7.3 years. Participants were divided into 3 groups according to the "Sniffin' Sticks" test results: anosmia, hyposmia, and normosmia groups. Differences in retronasal olfaction scores were significant among the 3 groups.

Conclusions: The retronasal olfactory test appeared to perform well, but modifications of odorized powders or granules and distracters used in the retronasal olfactory test, taking into account Turkish cultural differences, is likely to improve its performance.

Citing Articles

Danish Validation of a Retronasal Olfactory Powder Test and Development of a Novel Quick Retronasal Olfactory Test.

Niklassen A, Sakthivel S, Fjaeldstad A, Ovesen T Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022; 26(4):e615-e623.

PMID: 36405477 PMC: 9668440. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740597.

Retronasal Olfaction Test Methods: A Systematic Review.

Ozay H, Cakir A, Ecevit M Balkan Med J. 2018; 36(1):49-59.

PMID: 30264731 PMC: 6335936. DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2018.0052.

Retro- and orthonasal olfactory function in relation to olfactory bulb volume in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.

Salihoglu M, Kurt O, Ay S, Baskoy K, Altundag A, Saglam M Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2017; 84(5):630-637.

PMID: 28870428 PMC: 9452275. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.07.009.

Olfactory and gustatory functions in patients with non-complicated type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Altundag A, Ay S, Hira S, Salihoglu M, Baskoy K, Deniz F Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2017; 274(6):2621-2627.

PMID: 28258376 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4497-8.

Is There Any Effect on Smell and Taste Functions with Levothyroxine Treatment in Subclinical Hypothyroidism?.

Baskoy K, Ay S, Altundag A, Kurt O, Salihoglu M, Deniz F PLoS One. 2016; 11(2):e0149979.

PMID: 26927632 PMC: 4771174. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149979.

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