Mechanism of Activation of Bacterial Cellulose Synthase by Cyclic Di-GMP

Overview

Journal Nat Struct Mol Biol

Specialties Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Date 2014 Apr 8

PMID 24704788

Citations 145

Authors

Jacob L W Morgan

Joshua T McNamara

Jochen Zimmer

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The bacterial signaling molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) stimulates the synthesis of bacterial cellulose, which is frequently found in biofilms. Bacterial cellulose is synthesized and translocated across the inner membrane by a complex of cellulose synthase BcsA and BcsB subunits. Here we present crystal structures of the c-di-GMP-activated BcsA-BcsB complex. The structures reveal that c-di-GMP releases an autoinhibited state of the enzyme by breaking a salt bridge that otherwise tethers a conserved gating loop that controls access to and substrate coordination at the active site. Disrupting the salt bridge by mutagenesis generates a constitutively active cellulose synthase. Additionally, the c-di-GMP-activated BcsA-BcsB complex contains a nascent cellulose polymer whose terminal glucose unit rests at a new location above BcsA's active site and is positioned for catalysis. Our mechanistic insights indicate how c-di-GMP allosterically modulates enzymatic functions.

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