General Self-efficacy and Its Relationship to Self-reported Mental Illness and Barriers to Care: a General Population Study

Overview

Journal Community Ment Health J

Specialty Health Services

Date 2014 Mar 29

PMID 24676869

Citations 21

Authors

Lena M C Andersson

Chrystal Dea Moore

Gunnel Hensing

Gunilla Krantz

Carin Staland-Nyman

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Given the prevalence of mental illness worldwide, it is important to better understand the dynamics of mental health help-seeking behavior to improve access to care. The aim of this study was to investigate if general self-efficacy (GSE) was associated with self-reported mental illness and help-seeking behavior and barriers to care in a randomized population. This study utilized a mailed questionnaire completed by 3,981 persons aged 19-64 years who resided in Western Sweden. GSE was measured and logistic regression models calculated, controlling for various sociodemographic variables. Results showed that 25% of men and 43% of women reported a lifetime prevalence of mental illness that they felt could have benefitted from treatment. Of those, 37% of the men and 27% of the women reported barriers to care. Men and women with low GSE were more likely to suffer from mental illness compared with persons high in GSE, but GSE did not enhance help-seeking behavior or perceived barriers to care. The most prevalent barriers to care for both sexes were beliefs that the illness will pass by itself, doubt whether treatment works, lack of knowledge of where to go and feelings of shame. Overall, GSE scores did not differ among those who experienced various barriers to care with the exception of two barriers only among women.

Citing Articles

The help-seeking process and predictors of mental health care use among individuals with depressive symptoms: a machine learning approach.

Juergensen V, Peter L, Steyrl D, Lor C, Bui A, McLaren T Front Public Health. 2024; 12:1504720.

PMID: 39635206 PMC: 11615672. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1504720.

Construction of a model for adolescent physical and mental health promotion based on the multiple mediating effects of general self-efficacy and sleep duration.

Dong R, Dou K, Luo J BMC Public Health. 2023; 23(1):2293.

PMID: 37986158 PMC: 10662560. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17197-z.

The association between pain self-efficacy and patient-reported outcome measures for hand disorders: a cross-sectional study.

Overduin I, Allen C, Aret J Hand Ther. 2023; 28(3):111-118.

PMID: 37904900 PMC: 10581536. DOI: 10.1177/17589983231174800.

Psychosocial resources predict frequent pain differently for men and women: A prospective cohort study.

Samulowitz A, Haukenes I, Grimby-Ekman A, Bergman S, Hensing G PLoS One. 2023; 18(3):e0283222.

PMID: 36930629 PMC: 10022772. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283222.

The influence of deliberate rumination on the post-traumatic growth of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and the moderating role of self-efficacy.

Xu Y, Yang G, Liu L, Wu X Front Public Health. 2023; 11:1043402.

PMID: 36817884 PMC: 9931736. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1043402.

References

Hensing G, Andersson L, Brage S . Increase in sickness absence with psychiatric diagnosis in Norway: a general population-based epidemiologic study of age, gender and regional distribution. BMC Med. 2006; 4:19. PMC: 1601961. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-4-19. View

Hyyppa M, Maki J . Individual-level relationships between social capital and self-rated health in a bilingual community. Prev Med. 2001; 32(2):148-55. DOI: 10.1006/pmed.2000.0782. View

Eisenberg D, Downs M, Golberstein E, Zivin K . Stigma and help seeking for mental health among college students. Med Care Res Rev. 2009; 66(5):522-41. DOI: 10.1177/1077558709335173. View

Regier D, Narrow W, Rae D, Manderscheid R, Locke B, Goodwin F . The de facto US mental and addictive disorders service system. Epidemiologic catchment area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993; 50(2):85-94. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820140007001. View

Joffe R, Sokolov S, Streiner D . Antidepressant treatment of depression: a metaanalysis. Can J Psychiatry. 1996; 41(10):613-6. DOI: 10.1177/070674379604101002. View

Kessler R, Berglund P, Bruce M, Koch J, Laska E, Leaf P . The prevalence and correlates of untreated serious mental illness. Health Serv Res. 2002; 36(6 Pt 1):987-1007. PMC: 1089274. View

Holmgren K, Hensing G, Dellve L . The association between poor organizational climate and high work commitments, and sickness absence in a general population of women and men. J Occup Environ Med. 2010; 52(12):1179-85. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181fc5c1a. View

Leas L, McCabe M . Health behaviors among individuals with schizophrenia and depression. J Health Psychol. 2007; 12(4):563-79. DOI: 10.1177/1359105307078162. View

Svensson E, Nygard J, Sorensen T, Sandanger I . Changes in formal help seeking for psychological distress: the OsLof study. Nord J Psychiatry. 2009; 63(3):260-6. DOI: 10.1080/08039480902880105. View

10.

Hamalainen J, Isometsa E, Sihvo S, Kiviruusu O, Pirkola S, Lonnqvist J . Treatment of major depressive disorder in the Finnish general population. Depress Anxiety. 2009; 26(11):1049-59. DOI: 10.1002/da.20524. View

11.

Love J, Dea Moore C, Hensing G . Validation of the Swedish translation of the General Self-Efficacy scale. Qual Life Res. 2011; 21(7):1249-53. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-011-0030-5. View

12.

Schmutte T, Flanagan E, Bedregal L, Ridgway P, Sells D, Styron T . Self-efficacy and self-care: missing ingredients in health and healthcare among adults with serious mental illnesses. Psychiatr Q. 2008; 80(1):1-8. DOI: 10.1007/s11126-008-9088-9. View

13.

Cacioppo J, Hughes M, Waite L, Hawkley L, Thisted R . Loneliness as a specific risk factor for depressive symptoms: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Psychol Aging. 2006; 21(1):140-51. DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.140. View

14.

Phillips S, McAuley E . Physical activity and fatigue in breast cancer survivors: a panel model examining the role of self-efficacy and depression. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013; 22(5):773-81. PMC: 3650084. DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0983. View

15.

Andersson L, Schierenbeck I, Strumpher J, Krantz G, Topper K, Backman G . Help-seeking behaviour, barriers to care and experiences of care among persons with depression in Eastern Cape, South Africa. J Affect Disord. 2013; 151(2):439-448. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.022. View

16.

Greco A, Steca P, Pozzi R, Monzani D, DAddario M, Villani A . Predicting depression from illness severity in cardiovascular disease patients: self-efficacy beliefs, illness perception, and perceived social support as mediators. Int J Behav Med. 2013; 21(2):221-9. DOI: 10.1007/s12529-013-9290-5. View

17.

Kawachi I, Berkman L . Social ties and mental health. J Urban Health. 2001; 78(3):458-67. PMC: 3455910. DOI: 10.1093/jurban/78.3.458. View

18.

Uebelacker L, Marootian B, Pirraglia P, Primack J, Tigue P, Haggarty R . Barriers and facilitators of treatment for depression in a latino community: a focus group study. Community Ment Health J. 2011; 48(1):114-26. DOI: 10.1007/s10597-011-9388-7. View

19.

Bebbington P, Meltzer H, Brugha T, Farrell M, Jenkins R, Ceresa C . Unequal access and unmet need: neurotic disorders and the use of primary care services. Psychol Med. 2000; 30(6):1359-67. DOI: 10.1017/s0033291799002950. View

20.

Lehtinen V, Joukamaa M, Jyrkinen E, Lahtela K, Raitasalo R, Maatela J . Need for mental health services of the adult population in Finland: results from the Mini Finland Health Survey. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1990; 81(5):426-31. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05475.x. View