Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Best Practice: A Review of Graft Choice

Overview

Journal World J Orthop

Publisher Baishideng Publishing Group

Specialty Orthopedics

Date 2014 Mar 21

PMID 24649411

Citations 61

Authors

Daniel A Shaerf

Philip S Pastides

Khaled M Sarraf

Charles A Willis-Owen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

There is much literature about differing grafts used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Much of this is of poor quality and of a low evidence base. We review and summarise the literature looking at the four main classes of grafts used in ACL reconstruction; bone-patella tendon-bone, hamstrings, allograft and synthetic grafts. Each graft has the evidence for its use reviewed and then compared, where possible, to the others. We conclude that although there is no clear "best" graft, there are clear differences between the differing graft choices. Surgeon's need to be aware of the evidence behind these differences, in order to have appropriate discussions with their patients, so as to come to an informed choice of graft type to best suit each individual patient and their requirements.

Citing Articles

5-years outcomes following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction comparing quadruple hamstring and peroneus longus tendon autografts: a randomized control trial.

Butt U, Vuletic F, Shaikh M, Amanullah , Rehman G, Shah I Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024; 145(1):85.

PMID: 39714511 PMC: 11666688. DOI: 10.1007/s00402-024-05639-1.

Superior Biological Healing of Hamstring Autografts Compared with Tibialis Allografts after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis Based on Second-Look Arthroscopy.

Lee S, Park J, Han S, Bae J, Jang K Medicina (Kaunas). 2024; 60(10).

PMID: 39459418 PMC: 11509334. DOI: 10.3390/medicina60101631.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: Evidence-Based Concepts on Reconstruction, Repair and Future Developments.

Thayaparan A, Kantharuban S Cureus. 2024; 16(8):e67956.

PMID: 39328699 PMC: 11426957. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67956.

Demographic and Injury Characteristics as Potential Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study.

Motififard M, Akbari Aghdam H, Ravanbod H, Jafarpishe M, Shahsavan M, Daemi A J Clin Med. 2024; 13(17).

PMID: 39274276 PMC: 11396503. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175063.

One type of graft for reconstruction of the ACL does not suit all patients based on their characteristics and sports: a scoping review.

Reinerink J, Vendrig T, Keizer M, Hoogeslag R, Brouwer R Musculoskelet Surg. 2024; .

PMID: 39249194 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-024-00861-x.

References

Giron F, Cuomo P, Aglietti P, Bull A, Amis A . Femoral attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005; 14(3):250-6. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-005-0685-y. View

Romanini E, DAngelo F, De Masi S, Adriani E, Magaletti M, Lacorte E . Graft selection in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Traumatol. 2010; 11(4):211-9. PMC: 3014473. DOI: 10.1007/s10195-010-0124-9. View

Shaerf D, Banerjee A . Assessment and management of posttraumatic haemarthrosis of the knee. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2008; 69(8):459-60, 462-3. DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2008.69.8.30743. View

Condouret J, Cohn J, Ferret J, Lemonsu A, Vasconcelos W, Dejour D . [Isokinetic assessment with two years follow-up of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon or hamstring tendons]. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 2009; 94(8 Suppl):375-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.rco.2008.09.006. View

Viateau V, Manassero M, Anagnostou F, Guerard S, Mitton D, Migonney V . Biological and biomechanical evaluation of the ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS AC) in a sheep model of anterior cruciate ligament replacement: a 3-month and 12-month study. Arthroscopy. 2013; 29(6):1079-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.02.025. View

Dauty M, Tortellier L, Rochcongar P . Isokinetic and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstrings or patella tendon graft: analysis of literature. Int J Sports Med. 2005; 26(7):599-606. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-821342. View

Holm I, Oiestad B, Risberg M, Gunderson R, Aune A . No differences in prevalence of osteoarthritis or function after open versus endoscopic technique for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: 12-year follow-up report of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2012; 40(11):2492-8. DOI: 10.1177/0363546512458766. View

Ahn J, Kim J, Wang J, Jung C, Lim H . Long-term results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone: an analysis of the factors affecting the development of osteoarthritis. Arthroscopy. 2012; 28(8):1114-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2011.12.019. View

Kleipool A, Zijl J, Willems W . Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft or autograft. A prospective study with an average follow up of 4 years. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1998; 6(4):224-30. DOI: 10.1007/s001670050104. View

10.

Almqvist K, Willaert P, De Brabandere S, Criel K, Verdonk R . A long-term study of anterior cruciate ligament allograft reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009; 17(7):818-22. DOI: 10.1007/s00167-009-0808-y. View

11.

Gao K, Chen S, Wang L, Zhang W, Kang Y, Dong Q . Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with LARS artificial ligament: a multicenter study with 3- to 5-year follow-up. Arthroscopy. 2010; 26(4):515-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2010.02.001. View

12.

Paulos L, Rosenberg T, Grewe S, Tearse D, Beck C . The GORE-TEX anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis. A long-term followup. Am J Sports Med. 1992; 20(3):246-52. DOI: 10.1177/036354659202000302. View

13.

Edgar C, Zimmer S, Kakar S, Jones H, Schepsis A . Prospective comparison of auto and allograft hamstring tendon constructs for ACL reconstruction. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008; 466(9):2238-46. PMC: 2493007. DOI: 10.1007/s11999-008-0305-5. View

14.

Denti M, Bigoni M, Dodaro G, Monteleone M, Arosio A . Long-term results of the Leeds-Keio anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1995; 3(2):75-7. DOI: 10.1007/BF01552378. View

15.

Maletis G, Inacio M, Desmond J, Funahashi T . Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: association of graft choice with increased risk of early revision. Bone Joint J. 2013; 95-B(5):623-8. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.95B5.30872. View

16.

Meuffels D, Poldervaart M, Diercks R, Fievez A, Patt T, van der Hart C . Guideline on anterior cruciate ligament injury. Acta Orthop. 2012; 83(4):379-86. PMC: 3427629. DOI: 10.3109/17453674.2012.704563. View

17.

Hu J, Qu J, Xu D, Zhou J, Lu H . Reply to comment on Hu et al. "Allograft versus autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: an up-to-date meta-analysis of prospective studies". Int Orthop. 2013; 37(4):775-6. PMC: 3609975. DOI: 10.1007/s00264-013-1806-8. View

18.

Newman S, Atkinson H, Willis-Owen C . Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with the ligament augmentation and reconstruction system: a systematic review. Int Orthop. 2012; 37(2):321-6. PMC: 3560896. DOI: 10.1007/s00264-012-1654-y. View

19.

Church S, Keating J . Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: timing of surgery and the incidence of meniscal tears and degenerative change. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005; 87(12):1639-42. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.87B12.16916. View

20.

Allum R . Complications of arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003; 85(1):12-6. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.85b1.13956. View