Burden and Predictors of Hypertension in India: Results of SEEK (Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney Disease) Study

Overview

Journal BMC Nephrol

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Nephrology

Date 2014 Mar 8

PMID 24602391

Citations 14

Authors

Youssef M K Farag

Bharati V Mittal

Sai Ram Keithi-Reddy

Vidya N Acharya

Alan F Almeida

Anil C

H S Ballal

P Gaccione

R Issacs

Sanjiv Jasuja

A L Kirpalani

V Kher

G K Modi

Georgy Nainan

Jai Prakash

Mohan M Rajapurkar

D S Rana

Rajanna Sreedhara

D K Sinha

Bharat V Shah

Sham Sunder

Raj Kumar Sharma

Sridevi Seetharam

Tatapudi Ravi Raju

Ajay K Singh

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to investigate the burden and predictors of HTN in India.

Methods: 6120 subjects participated in the Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney disease (SEEK), a community-based screening program in 53 camps in 13 representative geographic locations in India. Of these, 5929 had recorded blood pressure (BP) measurements. Potential predictors of HTN were collected using a structured questionnaire for SEEK study.

Results: HTN was observed in 43.5% of our cohort. After adjusting for center variation (p < 0.0001), predictors of a higher prevalence of HTN were older age ≥ 40 years (p < 0.0001), BMI of ≥ 23 Kg/M2 (p < 0.0004), larger waist circumference (p < 0.0001), working in sedentary occupation (p < 0.0001), having diabetes mellitus (p < 0.0001), having proteinuria (p < 0.0016), and increased serum creatinine (p < 0.0001). High school/some college education (p = 0.0016), versus less than 9th grade education, was related with lower prevalence of HTN. Of note, proteinuria and CKD were observed in 19% and 23.5% of HTN subjects. About half (54%) of the hypertensive subjects were aware of their hypertension status.

Conclusions: HTN was common in this cohort from India. Older age, BMI ≥ 23 Kg/M2, waist circumference, sedentary occupation, education less, diabetes mellitus, presence of proteinuria, and raised serum creatinine were significant predictors of hypertension. Our data suggest that HTN is a major public health problem in India with low awareness, and requires aggressive community-based screening and education to improve health.

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