Chronic Effects of Strobilurin Fungicides on Development, Growth, and Mortality of Larval Great Plains Toads (Bufo Cognatus)

Overview

Journal Ecotoxicology

Specialties Environmental Health
Toxicology

Date 2014 Feb 14

PMID 24522617

Citations 4

Authors

Emily A H Hartman

Jason B Belden

Loren M Smith

Scott T McMurry

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Agricultural fungicide application has increased tenfold since 2005 in the United States. Active ingredients and formulations of strobilurin fungicides at environmentally relevant concentrations cause mortality to larval and metamorph amphibians; however, little is known about chronic exposure effects in amphibians. We exposed larval amphibians (Bufo cognatus) throughout metamorphosis to the common fungicide formulations Headline(®), Stratego(®), Quilt(®), and a control to determine effects on development and growth. Formulations were tested at 1.7, 50, and 400 μg/L of the active strobilurin ingredient for Headline(®), Stratego(®), and Quilt(®), respectively. Fungicide exposure did not affect body mass or snout-vent length at metamorphosis. However, exposure to Headline(®) at 1.7 μg/L increased the development rate of tadpoles by approximately 5 days compared to the control, an effect not observed for Stratego(®) and Quilt(®). Stratego(®) also caused approximately 35 % cumulative mortality. Results from the experiment suggest that chronic effects of strobilurin fungicides on development, growth, and mortality to B. cognatus are apparent at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Citing Articles

Long-term, landscape-level assessment of aquatic pesticide exposure to identify amphibian ontological traits affecting vulnerability.

Awkerman J, Purucker S, Raimondo S, Oliver L Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2024; 20(5):1667-1676.

PMID: 38597778 PMC: 11534079. DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4924.

Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class?.

Zubrod J, Bundschuh M, Arts G, Bruhl C, Imfeld G, Knabel A Environ Sci Technol. 2019; 53(7):3347-3365.

PMID: 30835448 PMC: 6536136. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04392.

Exploring the amphibian exposome in an agricultural landscape using telemetry and passive sampling.

Swanson J, Muths E, Pierce C, Dinsmore S, Vandever M, Hladik M Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1):10045.

PMID: 29968741 PMC: 6030078. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28132-3.

Acute toxicity of Headline® fungicide to Blanchard's cricket frogs (Acris blanchardi).

Cusaac J, Morrison S, Belden J, Smith L, McMurry S Ecotoxicology. 2015; 25(3):447-55.

PMID: 26707241 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1602-x.

References

Denver R . Environmental stress as a developmental cue: corticotropin-releasing hormone is a proximate mediator of adaptive phenotypic plasticity in amphibian metamorphosis. Horm Behav. 1997; 31(2):169-79. DOI: 10.1006/hbeh.1997.1383. View

Howe C, Berrill M, Pauli B, Helbing C, Werry K, Veldhoen N . Toxicity of glyphosate-based pesticides to four North American frog species. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2004; 23(8):1928-38. DOI: 10.1897/03-71. View

Altwegg R, Reyer H . Patterns of natural selection on size at metamorphosis in water frogs. Evolution. 2003; 57(4):872-82. DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00298.x. View

Balba H . Review of strobilurin fungicide chemicals. J Environ Sci Health B. 2007; 42(4):441-51. DOI: 10.1080/03601230701316465. View

Thomas D, Breslow N, GART J . Trend and homogeneity analyses of proportions and life table data. Comput Biomed Res. 1977; 10(4):373-81. DOI: 10.1016/0010-4809(77)90006-4. View

Belden J, McMurry S, Smith L, Reilley P . Acute toxicity of fungicide formulations to amphibians at environmentally relevant concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2010; 29(11):2477-80. DOI: 10.1002/etc.297. View

Ochoa-Acuna H, Bialkowski W, Yale G, Hahn L . Toxicity of soybean rust fungicides to freshwater algae and Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicology. 2009; 18(4):440-6. DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0298-1. View

Warming T, Mulderij G, Christoffersen K . Clonal variation in physiological responses of Daphnia magna to the strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2008; 28(2):374-80. DOI: 10.1897/08-279.1. View

Martin L, Hopkins W, Mydlarz L, Rohr J . The effects of anthropogenic global changes on immune functions and disease resistance. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010; 1195:129-48. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05454.x. View

10.

Morrison S, McMurry S, Smith L, Belden J . Acute toxicity of pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin to Hyalella azteca. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2013; 32(7):1516-25. DOI: 10.1002/etc.2228. View

11.

WILBUR H, Collins J . Ecological Aspects of Amphibian Metamorphosis: Nonnormal distributions of competitive ability reflect selection for facultative metamorphosis. Science. 1973; 182(4119):1305-14. DOI: 10.1126/science.182.4119.1305. View

12.

Olsvik P, Kroglund F, Finstad B, Kristensen T . Effects of the fungicide azoxystrobin on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolt. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2010; 73(8):1852-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.07.017. View

13.

Bartlett D, Clough J, Godwin J, Hall A, Hamer M . The strobilurin fungicides. Pest Manag Sci. 2002; 58(7):649-62. DOI: 10.1002/ps.520. View

14.

Hooser E, Belden J, Smith L, McMurry S . Acute toxicity of three strobilurin fungicide formulations and their active ingredients to tadpoles. Ecotoxicology. 2012; 21(5):1458-64. DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0899-y. View

15.

Greulich K, Pflugmacher S . Differences in susceptibility of various life stages of amphibians to pesticide exposure. Aquat Toxicol. 2003; 65(3):329-36. DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(03)00153-x. View

16.

Bridges C . Long-term effects of pesticide exposure at various life stages of the southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2000; 39(1):91-6. DOI: 10.1007/s002440010084. View

17.

Relyea R . Growth and survival of five amphibian species exposed to combinations of pesticides. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2004; 23(7):1737-42. DOI: 10.1897/03-493. View

18.

Jarvinen A, Nordling B, Henry M . Chronic toxicity of Dursban (chlorpyrifos) to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the resultant acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1983; 7(4):423-34. DOI: 10.1016/0147-6513(83)90008-8. View

19.

McMahon T, Halstead N, Johnson S, Raffel T, Romansic J, Crumrine P . The fungicide chlorothalonil is nonlinearly associated with corticosterone levels, immunity, and mortality in amphibians. Environ Health Perspect. 2011; 119(8):1098-103. PMC: 3237349. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002956. View

20.

Boone M, Bridges C, Rothermel B . Growth and development of larval green frogs (Rana clamitans) exposed to multiple doses of an insecticide. Oecologia. 2014; 129(4):518-524. DOI: 10.1007/s004420100749. View