Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Infections in Austria

Overview

Journal Wien Klin Wochenschr

Publisher Springer

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2014 Jan 21

PMID 24442861

Citations 2

Authors

Ninon Taylor

Jan Marco Kern

Wolfgang Prammer

Alois Lang

Bernhard Haas

Martin Gisinger

Robert Zangerle

Alexander Egle

Richard Greil

Hannes Oberkofler

Josef Eberle

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: The first case of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) seropositivity in Austria was confirmed in 1993 in a dually human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)- and HIV-2-infected patient from Ghana, who died in 2001. Before this investigation, no further HIV-2 infection was published.

Methods: The aim of this study was to describe HIV-2 epidemiology in Austria, using serological and molecular techniques, and to perform a sequence analysis of the circulating viral strains.

Results: Six additional cases of HIV-2 were identified from 2000 to 2009. All patients originated from high-prevalence areas. In one patient, the HIV-2 infection was revealed 11 years after initial HIV-1 diagnosis, and further analysis confirmed a dual infection.

Conclusion: The HIV-2 epidemic has its epicentre in West Africa, but sociocultural issues, especially migration, are contributing to the low but continuous worldwide spread of HIV-2. Diagnosis of HIV-2 implies a different therapeutical management to avoid treatment failure and clinical progression. Differential diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 is complicated due to antibody cross-reactivity, and paradoxical findings (e.g. declining CD4 cell count despite HIV-1 suppression) may require careful reassessment, especially in patients from endemic countries.

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