Culicoides Midge Bites Modulate the Host Response and Impact on Bluetongue Virus Infection in Sheep

Overview

Journal PLoS One

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2014 Jan 15

PMID 24421899

Citations 15

Authors

Nonito Pages

Emmanuel Breard

Celine Urien

Sandra Talavera

Cyril Viarouge

Cristina Lorca-Oro

Luc Jouneau

Bernard Charley

Stephan Zientara

Albert Bensaid

David Solanes

Joan Pujols

Isabelle Schwartz-Cornil

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Many haematophagous insects produce factors that help their blood meal and coincidently favor pathogen transmission. However nothing is known about the ability of Culicoides midges to interfere with the infectivity of the viruses they transmit. Among these, Bluetongue Virus (BTV) induces a hemorrhagic fever- type disease and its recent emergence in Europe had a major economical impact. We observed that needle inoculation of BTV8 in the site of uninfected C. nubeculosus feeding reduced viraemia and clinical disease intensity compared to plain needle inoculation. The sheep that developed the highest local inflammatory reaction had the lowest viral load, suggesting that the inflammatory response to midge bites may participate in the individual sensitivity to BTV viraemia development. Conversely compared to needle inoculation, inoculation of BTV8 by infected C. nubeculosus bites promoted viraemia and clinical symptom expression, in association with delayed IFN- induced gene expression and retarded neutralizing antibody responses. The effects of uninfected and infected midge bites on BTV viraemia and on the host response indicate that BTV transmission by infected midges is the most reliable experimental method to study the physio-pathological events relevant to a natural infection and to pertinent vaccine evaluation in the target species. It also leads the way to identify the promoting viral infectivity factors of infected Culicoides in order to possibly develop new control strategies against BTV and other Culicoides transmitted viruses.

Citing Articles

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Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bluetongue.

More S, Bicout D, Botner A, Butterworth A, Depner K, Edwards S EFSA J. 2020; 15(8):e04957.

PMID: 32625623 PMC: 7010010. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4957.

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