Article: Diversity in steroidogenesis of symbiotic microorganisms from planthoppers

Ergosta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3β-ol (trienol)6 was isolated from the intracellular symbiotes (symbiotic microorganisms) of the planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugens andLaodelphax striatellus. The steroidogenic end product of the symbiotes was found to depend on the environmental conditions, i.e., although trienol6 was produced under symbiotic conditions, ergosterol4 was formed in aerobic culture. When the normal diet was replaced by a steroiddeficient artificial one, the ratio of 24-methylenecholesterol5 to total insect sterols was significantly increased. The above study offers further corroborating evidence for our assumption that the host insects require 24-methylenecholesterol5 as an alternate source for cholesterol1 under certain environmental conditions. In our previous biotransformation experiments, 24methylenecholesterol5 was shown to be an immediate precursor of cholesterol1. However, the complexity of the insects' vital functions hindered all subsequent attempted transformations into cholesterol1 of sitosterol2, trienol6, and ergosterol4, under injection conditions.

Citing Articles

Friendly fungi: Tropical insect families form partnerships with intracellular fungi related to pathogens.

Siehl R, Vyhnal K, Goffredi S iScience. 2024; 27(9):110674.

PMID: 39252957 PMC: 11381767. DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110674.

Endomycobiome associated with females of the planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae): A metabarcoding approach.

Brentassi M, Medina R, de la Fuente D, Franco M, Toledo A, Saparrat M Heliyon. 2020; 6(8):e04634.

PMID: 32904272 PMC: 7452442. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04634.

Chemical identification of an aggregation pheromone in the termite Reticulitermes speratus.

Mitaka Y, Matsuyama S, Mizumoto N, Matsuura K, Akino T Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):7424.

PMID: 32366829 PMC: 7198579. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64388-4.

Wolbachia supplement biotin and riboflavin to enhance reproduction in planthoppers.

Ju J, Bing X, Zhao D, Guo Y, Xi Z, Hoffmann A ISME J. 2019; 14(3):676-687.

PMID: 31767943 PMC: 7031331. DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0559-9.

Genomic Analysis of an Ascomycete Fungus from the Rice Planthopper Reveals How It Adapts to an Endosymbiotic Lifestyle.

Fan H, Noda H, Xie H, Suetsugu Y, Zhu Q, Zhang C Genome Biol Evol. 2015; 7(9):2623-34.

PMID: 26338189 PMC: 4607526. DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv169.

References

1.

Pinto W, Lozano R, Sekula B, NES W . Stereochemically distinct roles for sterol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983; 112(1):47-54. DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)91795-3. View

2.

Barton D, Kempe U, Widdowson D . Investigations on the biosynthesis of steroids and terpenoids. VI. The sterols of yeast. J Chem Soc Perkin 1. 1972; 4:513-22. DOI: 10.1039/p19720000513. View

3.

Renaud R, Subden R, Pierce A, Oehlschlager A . Sterol composition ofNeurospora crassa. Lipids. 2016; 13(1):56-8. DOI: 10.1007/BF02533367. View

4.

Shimokawa O, Kato Y, Nakayama H . Accumulation of 14-methyl sterols and defective hyphal growth in Candida albicans. J Med Vet Mycol. 1986; 24(4):327-36. DOI: 10.1080/02681218680000481. View

5.

Cannon R, KERRIDGE D . Correlation between the sterol composition of membranes and morphology in Candida albicans. J Med Vet Mycol. 1988; 26(1):57-65. DOI: 10.1080/02681218880000071. View

6.

Dow W, Gebreyesus T, Popov S, Carlson R, Djerassi C . Marine 4-methyl sterols: synthesis of C-24 epimers of 4 alpha, 24-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol and 360 MHz 1HNMR comparisons to the natural product from Plexaura homomalla. Steroids. 1983; 42(2):217-30. DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(83)90220-9. View

7.

Eya B, Kenny P, Tamura S, Ohnishi M, Naya Y, Nakanishi K . Chemical association in symbiosis sterol donors in planthoppers. J Chem Ecol. 2013; 15(1):373-80. DOI: 10.1007/BF02027797. View

8.

Heed W, Kircher H . UNIQUE STEROL IN THE ECOLOGY AND NUTRITION OF DROSOPHILA PACHEA. Science. 1965; 149(3685):758-61. DOI: 10.1126/science.149.3685.758. View

9.

Chu H, Norris D, Kok L . Pupation requirement of the beetle, Xyleborus ferrugineus: sterols other than cholesterol. J Insect Physiol. 1970; 16(7):1379-87. DOI: 10.1016/0022-1910(70)90137-x. View

10.

CLAYTON R . THE UTILIZATION OF STEROLS BY INSECTS. J Lipid Res. 1964; 5:3-19. View

11.

Fryberg M, Oehlschlager A, Unrau A . Biosynthesis of ergosterol in yeast. Evidence for multiple pathways. J Am Chem Soc. 1973; 95(17):5747-57. DOI: 10.1021/ja00798a051. View

12.

Osumi T, Taketani S, Katsuki H, Kuhara T, Matsumoto I . Ergosterol biosynthesis in yeast. Pathways in the late stages and their variation under various conditions. J Biochem. 1978; 83(3):681-91. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131961. View

Diversity in Steroidogenesis of Symbiotic Microorganisms from Planthoppers