Serum Interleukin 6 Levels As a Useful Prognostic Predictor of Clinically Amyopathic Dermatomyositis with Rapidly Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease

Objectives: Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) is life-threatening in patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM). Useful prognostic markers are necessary for treatment selection. This study aimed to investigate differences in clinical and laboratory characteristics between surviving and non-surviving patients.

Methods: Twelve CADM patients with RP-ILD were enrolled. Six patients lived (Group A) and six patients died (Group B) after immunosuppressive treatment for RP-ILD. Clinical manifestations and laboratory data before treatment were compared between the two groups.

Results: Among the clinical manifestations and laboratory data examined, serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A (mean ± SD 28.5 ± 21.0 vs. 7.2 ± 1.6 pg/mL; p = 0.009). Simple regression analysis showed that serum IL-6 was the only significant prognostic factor (p = 0.032). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that the cumulative survival rate was significantly lower in patients with serum IL-6 levels of ≥ 9 pg/mL than in patients with those of < 9 pg/mL (p = 0.04).

Conclusions: Serum IL-6 levels may predict the prognosis of CADM patients with RP-ILD. The intensity of immunosuppressive treatment can be decided according to serum IL-6 levels at an early phase of the disease.