Occurrence of the 32-kDa QB-binding Protein of Photosystem II in Vegetative Cells, Heterocysts and Akinetes OfAzolla Carotiniana Cyanobionts

Overview

Journal Planta

Specialty Biology

Date 2013 Nov 9

PMID 24202015

Authors

E B Braun-Howland

S A Nierzwicki-Bauer

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Transmission electron microscopy and immunocytological labeling were used to localize the 32-kilodalton (kDa) protein (DI polypeptide) of photosystem II in different cell types of the cyanobionts within leaf cavities ofAzolla caroliniana Willd. The 32-kDa protein binds the secondary electron acceptor QB, and is highly conserved between plants and cyanobacteria. Three antisera, specific for different epitopes of the 32-kDa protein, were used as primary antibodies. Immunologically recognizable 32-kDa protein was localized on membranes ofAzolla chloroplasts, vegetative cyanobacterial cells, akinetes, and heterocysts that were at all stages of the differentiation process. The 32-kDa protein was not detected in nonphotosynthetic endosymbiotic bacteria found within leaf cavities. The amount of the 32-kDa protein observed in different cyanobacterial cell types was dependent upon the primary antiserum used and membrane orientation within a cell with respect to the plane of sectioning. Therefore, although 32-kDa protein was present in all three cyanobacterial cell types and clear trends in labeling patterns could be elucidated, it was not possible to quantitate the amounts of protein with respect to either cell type or leaf-cavity age.

References

Braun-Howland E, Lindblad P, Nierzwicki-Bauer S, Bergman B . Dinitrogenase reductase (Fe-protein) of nitrogenase in the cyanobacterial symbionts of three Azolla species: Localization and sequence of appearance during heterocyst differentiation. Planta. 2013; 176(3):319-22. DOI: 10.1007/BF00395412. View

Peters G, Mayne B . The Azolla, Anabaena azollae Relationship: I. Initial Characterization of the Association. Plant Physiol. 1974; 53(6):813-9. PMC: 541454. DOI: 10.1104/pp.53.6.813. View

Hoffman-Falk H, Mattoo A, Marder J, Edelman M, Ellis R . General occurrence and structural similarity of the rapidly synthesized, 32,000-dalton protein of the chloroplast membrane. J Biol Chem. 1982; 257(8):4583-7. View

Fay P, Cox R . Oxygen inhibition of nitrogen fixation in cell-free preparations of blue-green algae. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967; 143(3):562-9. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(67)90061-8. View

Almon H, Bohme H . Components and activity of the photosynthetic electron transport system of intact heterocysts isolated from the blue-green alga Nostoc muscorum. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1980; 592(1):113-20. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(80)90118-8. View

Hill D . The pattern of development of Anabaena in the Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis. Planta. 2014; 122(2):179-84. DOI: 10.1007/BF00388657. View

Ohad I, Kyle D, Hirschberg J . Light-dependent degradation of the Q(B)-protein in isolated pea thylakoids. EMBO J. 1985; 4(7):1655-9. PMC: 554400. DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03833.x. View

Jansson C, Debus R, Osiewacz H, Gurevitz M, McIntosh L . Construction of an Obligate Photoheterotrophic Mutant of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 : Inactivation of the psbA Gene Family. Plant Physiol. 1987; 85(4):1021-5. PMC: 1054386. DOI: 10.1104/pp.85.4.1021. View

Peterson R, Dolan E, Calvert H, Ke B . Energy transfer from phycobiliproteins to photosystem I in vegetative cells and heterocysts of Anabaena variabilis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981; 634(2):237-48. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(81)90142-0. View

10.

Mei R, Green J, Sayre R, Frasch W . Manganese-binding proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex. Biochemistry. 1989; 28(13):5560-7. DOI: 10.1021/bi00439a033. View

11.

Donze M, Haveman J, Schiereck P . Absence of photosystem 2 in heterocysts of the blue-green alga Anabaena. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1972; 256(1):157-61. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(72)90170-3. View

12.

Orr J, Haselkorn R . Regulation of glutamine synthetase activity and synthesis in free-living and symbiotic Anabaena spp. J Bacteriol. 1982; 152(2):626-35. PMC: 221509. DOI: 10.1128/jb.152.2.626-635.1982. View

13.

Adams D, Carr N . The developmental biology of heterocyst and akinete formation in cyanobacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol. 1981; 9(1):45-100. DOI: 10.3109/10408418109104486. View

14.

Golden J, Robinson S, Haselkorn R . Rearrangement of nitrogen fixation genes during heterocyst differentiation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena. Nature. 1985; 314(6010):419-23. DOI: 10.1038/314419a0. View

15.

Golden S, Haselkorn R . Mutation to herbicide resistance maps within the psbA gene of Anacystis nidulans R2. Science. 1985; 229(4718):1104-7. DOI: 10.1126/science.3929379. View

16.

Wealand J, Myers J, HIRSCHBERG R . Changes in gene expression during nitrogen starvation in Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. J Bacteriol. 1989; 171(3):1309-13. PMC: 209746. DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.3.1309-1313.1989. View

17.

Goloubinoff P, Brusslan J, Golden S, Haselkorn R, Edelman M . Characterization of the photosystem II 32 kDa protein in Synechococcus PCC7942. Plant Mol Biol. 2013; 11(4):441-7. DOI: 10.1007/BF00039025. View

18.

Mulligan B, Schultes N, Chen L, Bogorad L . Nucleotide sequence of a multiple-copy gene for the B protein of photosystem II of a cyanobacterium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984; 81(9):2693-7. PMC: 345136. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.9.2693. View

19.

Nierzwicki-Bauer S, Haselkorn R . Differences in mRNA levels in Anabaena living freely or in symbiotic association with Azolla. EMBO J. 1986; 5(1):29-35. PMC: 1166691. DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04173.x. View

20.

Ray T, Peters G, Toia R, Mayne B . Azolla-Anabaena Relationships: VII. Distribution of Ammonia-assimilating Enzymes, Protein, and Chlorophyll between Host and Symbiont. Plant Physiol. 1978; 62(3):463-7. PMC: 1092147. DOI: 10.1104/pp.62.3.463. View