Markers of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Oxidized-LDL and HDL Subpopulations

Overview

Journal Dis Markers

Publisher Wiley

Specialty Biochemistry

Date 2013 Oct 30

PMID 24167352

Citations 21

Authors

Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo

Jose Sereno

Edite Teixeira-Lemos

Sandra Ribeiro

Petronila Rocha-Pereira

Ethan Cotterill

Frederico Teixeira

Flavio Reis

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of gender and menopause in cardiovascular risk (CVR) in a healthy population based on both classical and nontraditional markers.

Methods: 56 men and 68 women (48 pre- and 20 postmenopause) were enrolled in the study. The following markers were analyzed: blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, total cholesterol (total-c), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), oxidized-LDL (Ox-LDL), HDL-c and subpopulations, paraoxonase-1 activity, hsCRP, uric acid, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ), adiponectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (ICAM1).

Results: Relative to the women, men present significantly increased BMI, WC, BP, glucose, total-c, TGs, LDL-c, Ox-LDL, uric acid, and TNF- α and reduced adiponectin and total and large HDL-c. The protective profile of women is lost after menopause with a significantly increased BMI, WC, BP, glucose, LDL-c, Ox-LDL, hsCRP, and VEGF and decreased total and large HDL-c. Significant correlations were found in women population and in postmenopausal women between Ox-LDL and total, large, and small HDL-c and between TNF- α and total, large, and small HDL-c, LDL-c, and Ox-LDL.

Conclusions: Men present higher CVR than women who lost protection after menopause, evidenced by nontraditional markers, including Ox-LDL and HDL subpopulations.

Citing Articles

Bioactive Yoghurt Containing Curcumin and Chlorogenic Acid Reduces Inflammation in Postmenopausal Women.

Nasef N, Thota R, Mutukumira A, Rutherfurd-Markwick K, Dickens M, Gopal P Nutrients. 2022; 14(21).

PMID: 36364884 PMC: 9657450. DOI: 10.3390/nu14214619.

Associations of Endogenous Hormones With HDL Novel Metrics Across the Menopause Transition: The SWAN HDL Study.

El Khoudary S, Nasr A, Billheimer J, Brooks M, McConnell D, Crawford S J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021; 107(1):e303-e314.

PMID: 34390340 PMC: 8684446. DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab595.

Subpopulations of High-Density Lipoprotein: Friends or Foes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease?.

Coimbra S, Reis F, Valente M, Rocha S, Catarino C, Rocha-Pereira P Biomedicines. 2021; 9(5).

PMID: 34065648 PMC: 8157071. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050554.

Dual trajectories of physical activity and blood lipids in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Badon S, Pettee Gabriel K, Karvonen-Gutierrez C, Sternfeld B, Gold E, Waetjen L Maturitas. 2021; 146:49-56.

PMID: 33722364 PMC: 7966732. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.02.002.

Androgen Effects on the Adrenergic System of the Vascular, Airway, and Cardiac Myocytes and Their Relevance in Pathological Processes.

Carbajal-Garcia A, Reyes-Garcia J, Montano L Int J Endocrinol. 2020; 2020:8849641.

PMID: 33273918 PMC: 7676939. DOI: 10.1155/2020/8849641.

References

Mangge H, Almer G, Truschnig-Wilders M, Schmidt A, Gasser R, Fuchs D . Inflammation, adiponectin, obesity and cardiovascular risk. Curr Med Chem. 2010; 17(36):4511-20. DOI: 10.2174/092986710794183006. View

Eren E, Yilmaz N, Aydin O . High Density Lipoprotein and it's Dysfunction. Open Biochem J. 2012; 6:78-93. PMC: 3414806. DOI: 10.2174/1874091X01206010078. View

Rader D . Illuminating HDL--is it still a viable therapeutic target?. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357(21):2180-3. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe0707210. View

Zoccali C, Maio R, Mallamaci F, Sesti G, Perticone F . Uric acid and endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006; 17(5):1466-71. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2005090949. View

Manninen V, Tenkanen L, Koskinen P, HUTTUNEN J, Manttari M, Heinonen O . Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study. Implications for treatment. Circulation. 1992; 85(1):37-45. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.85.1.37. View

Movva R, Rader D . Laboratory assessment of HDL heterogeneity and function. Clin Chem. 2008; 54(5):788-800. DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.101923. View

An J, Ribeiro R, Webb P, Gustafsson J, Kushner P, Baxter J . Estradiol repression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha transcription requires estrogen receptor activation function-2 and is enhanced by coactivators. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96(26):15161-6. PMC: 24790. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.26.15161. View

Redondo S, Martinez-Gonzalez J, Urraca C, Tejerina T . Emerging therapeutic strategies to enhance HDL function. Lipids Health Dis. 2011; 10:175. PMC: 3200157. DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-10-175. View

Imahara S, Jelacic S, Junker C, OKeefe G . The influence of gender on human innate immunity. Surgery. 2005; 138(2):275-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2005.03.020. View

10.

Halleux C, Takahashi M, Delporte M, Detry R, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y . Secretion of adiponectin and regulation of apM1 gene expression in human visceral adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001; 288(5):1102-7. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5904. View

11.

Loucif Y, Methot J, Tremblay K, Brisson D, Gaudet D . Contribution of adiponectin to the cardiometabolic risk of postmenopausal women with loss-of-function lipoprotein lipase gene mutations. Menopause. 2011; 18(5):558-62. DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181fca1d4. View

12.

Leuzzi C, Marzullo R, Modena M . [Is menopause a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in women?]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome). 2012; 13(6):401-6. DOI: 10.1714/1073.11757. View

13.

Mahdy Ali K, Wonnerth A, Huber K, Wojta J . Cardiovascular disease risk reduction by raising HDL cholesterol--current therapies and future opportunities. Br J Pharmacol. 2012; 167(6):1177-94. PMC: 3504986. DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02081.x. View

14.

Mackness M, Mackness B, Durrington P . Paraoxonase and coronary heart disease. Atheroscler Suppl. 2003; 3(4):49-55. DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(02)00046-6. View

15.

Singh G, Danaei G, Pelizzari P, Lin J, Cowan M, Stevens G . The age associations of blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose: analysis of health examination surveys from international populations. Circulation. 2012; 125(18):2204-2211. PMC: 4174463. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.058834. View

16.

Ershler W, Keller E . Age-associated increased interleukin-6 gene expression, late-life diseases, and frailty. Annu Rev Med. 2000; 51:245-70. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.51.1.245. View

17.

Girardi F, Franceschi E, Brandes A . Cardiovascular safety of VEGF-targeting therapies: current evidence and handling strategies. Oncologist. 2010; 15(7):683-94. PMC: 3228010. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0235. View

18.

Zago V, Sanguinetti S, Brites F, Berg G, Verona J, Basilio F . Impaired high density lipoprotein antioxidant activity in healthy postmenopausal women. Atherosclerosis. 2004; 177(1):203-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.07.011. View

19.

Maeda N, Takahashi M, Funahashi T, Kihara S, Nishizawa H, Kishida K . PPARgamma ligands increase expression and plasma concentrations of adiponectin, an adipose-derived protein. Diabetes. 2001; 50(9):2094-9. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.9.2094. View

20.

Agrawal R, Prelevic G, Conway G, Payne N, Ginsburg J, Jacobs H . Serum vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in postmenopausal women: the effect of hormone replacement therapy. Fertil Steril. 2000; 73(1):56-60. DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00476-8. View