Direct and Interactive Influence of Explanatory Variables on Properties of a Calcium Phosphate Cement for Vertebral Body Augmentation

Overview

Journal J Mater Sci Mater Med

Publisher Springer

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2013 Sep 19

PMID 24046084

Citations 1

Authors

Daniel M Werdofa

Gladius Lewis

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

We used the response surface methodology to investigate the direct and interactive effects of three explanatory variables on three properties of a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) for use in vertebroplasty (VP) and balloon kyphoplasty (BKP). The variables were poly(ethylene glycol) content of the cement liquid (PEG), powder-to-liquid ratio (PLR), and the amount of Na2HPO4 added to an aqueous solution of 4 wt/wt% poly(acrylic acid) (as the cement liquid) (SPC). The properties were injectability (I), final setting time (F), and 5-day compressive strength (UCS). We found that (1) there was an interactive effect between the variables on I and F but not on UCS; (2) the maximum I (98%) was obtained with PEG = 20 wt/wt% and PLR = 2 g mL(-1); (3) F = 15 min (the proposed optimum value for a CPC for use in VP and BKP) was obtained with PEG = 4 wt/wt% and PLR = 2.9 g mL(-1); and (4) the maximum UCS (39 MPa) was obtained with SPC = 0 and PLR = 3.5 g mL(-1).

Citing Articles

Optimisation of a two-liquid component pre-filled acrylic bone cement system: a design of experiments approach to optimise cement final properties.

Clements J, Walker G, Pentlavalli S, Dunne N J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2014; 25(10):2287-96.

PMID: 25005558 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5260-y.

References

Barralet J, Gaunt T, Wright A, Gibson I, Knowles J . Effect of porosity reduction by compaction on compressive strength and microstructure of calcium phosphate cement. J Biomed Mater Res. 2002; 63(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.1074. View

Perez R, Kim H, Ginebra M . Polymeric additives to enhance the functional properties of calcium phosphate cements. J Tissue Eng. 2012; 3(1):2041731412439555. PMC: 3324842. DOI: 10.1177/2041731412439555. View

Gbureck U, Spatz K, Thull R, Barralet J . Rheological enhancement of mechanically activated alpha-tricalcium phosphate cements. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2005; 73(1):1-6. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30148. View

Burguera E, Guitian F, Chow L . Effect of the calcium to phosphate ratio of tetracalcium phosphate on the properties of calcium phosphate bone cement. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2007; 85(3):674-83. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31478. View

Miyamoto Y, Toh T, Ishikawa K, Yuasa T, Nagayama M, Suzuki K . Effect of added NaHCO3 on the basic properties of apatite cement. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001; 54(3):311-9. DOI: 10.1002/1097-4636(20010305)54:3<311::aid-jbm10>3.0.co;2-h. View

Khairoun I, Boltong M, Driessens F, Planell J . Limited compliance of some apatitic calcium phosphate bone cements with clinical requirements. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2004; 9(11):667-71. DOI: 10.1023/a:1008939710282. View

Johnell O, Kanis J . Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2004; 16 Suppl 2:S3-7. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-004-1702-6. View

Yin H, Li Y, Si M, Li J . Simvastatin-loaded macroporous calcium phosphate cement: preparation, in vitro characterization, and evaluation of in vivo performance. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2012; 100(11):2991-3000. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34228. View

Nilsson M, Fernandez E, Sarda S, Lidgren L, Planell J . Characterization of a novel calcium phosphate/sulphate bone cement. J Biomed Mater Res. 2002; 61(4):600-7. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.10268. View

10.

Dos Santos L, Garcia Carrodeguas R, Boschi A, de Arruda A . Fiber-enriched double-setting calcium phosphate bone cement. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2003; 65(2):244-50. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10474. View

11.

Sarda S, Fernandez E, Nilsson M, Balcells M, Planell J . Kinetic study of citric acid influence on calcium phosphate bone cements as water-reducing agent. J Biomed Mater Res. 2002; 61(4):653-9. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.10264. View

12.

Mickiewicz R, Mayes A, Knaack D . Polymer--calcium phosphate cement composites for bone substitutes. J Biomed Mater Res. 2002; 61(4):581-92. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.10222. View

13.

Burguera E, Guitian F, Chow L . A water setting tetracalcium phosphate-dicalcium phosphate dihydrate cement. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2004; 71(2):275-82. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30153. View

14.

Johnell O, Kanis J . An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2006; 17(12):1726-33. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-006-0172-4. View

15.

Burguera E, Xu H, Sun L . Injectable calcium phosphate cement: effects of powder-to-liquid ratio and needle size. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2007; 84(2):493-502. PMC: 2652762. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30896. View

16.

Kasperk C, Hillmeier J, Noldge G, Grafe I, Dafonseca K, Raupp D . Treatment of painful vertebral fractures by kyphoplasty in patients with primary osteoporosis: a prospective nonrandomized controlled study. J Bone Miner Res. 2005; 20(4):604-12. DOI: 10.1359/JBMR.041203. View

17.

Habraken W, de Jonge L, Wolke J, Yubao L, Mikos A, Jansen J . Introduction of gelatin microspheres into an injectable calcium phosphate cement. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2008; 87(3):643-55. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31703. View

18.

Hoekstra J, van den Beucken J, Leeuwenburgh S, Meijer G, Jansen J . Tantalumpentoxide as a radiopacifier in injectable calcium phosphate cements for bone substitution. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2011; 17(9):907-13. DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEC.2010.0742. View

19.

Hesaraki S, Zamanian A, Moztarzadeh F . The influence of the acidic component of the gas-foaming porogen used in preparing an injectable porous calcium phosphate cement on its properties: acetic acid versus citric acid. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2007; 86(1):208-16. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31008. View

20.

Leroux L, Hatim Z, Freche M, Lacout J . Effects of various adjuvants (lactic acid, glycerol, and chitosan) on the injectability of a calcium phosphate cement. Bone. 1999; 25(2 Suppl):31S-34S. DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(99)00130-1. View