In Vitro Activity of Alkanna Frigida Extracts in Comparison with Glucantime Against Leishmania Major

Overview

Journal Iran J Microbiol

Publisher Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2013 Jul 5

PMID 23825738

Citations 1

Authors

Fariba Jafari

Abbasali Nourian

Asghar Fazaeli

Alireza Yazdinezhad

Ali Haniloo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background And Objectives: Current chemotherapies of cutaneous leihmaniasis have faced to some problems and limitations; Development of new leishmanicidal drugs from different sources like herbal plants, are crucially important. The objective of the present study was evaluation of in vitro activity of Alkanna frigida extracts in comparison with glucantime against Leishmania major.

Materials And Methods: L. major promastigotes were exposed to different concentrations of the A. frigida extracts, processed by ethyl acetate, ethanol, hexane and chloroform. The inhibitory effect, as the IC50, were calculated after 24, 48 and 72 hours by linear regression analysis values of the concentrations employed.

Results: The significant inhibition was observed after 24 and 48 hours with different concentrations of compounds (p < 0.05 in all tests). All extracts had potent activity against proliferation of the promastigotes, comparing to the untreated negative control. It could compete with the glucantime efficacy in some concentrations. Ethyl acetate and ethanol extractions showed potent IC50 value, 106 µg/ml and 86 µg/ml, respectively. Hexane and chloroform extractions had poor efficacy after 24 hours; however, the efficacy increased after 48 and 72 hours.

Conclusion: The results indicated that the A. frigida has appropriate inhibitory effects on the growth of L. major promastigotes in vitro and can be of herbal targets for further investigation in vivo.

Citing Articles

Medicinal plants with promising antileishmanial activity in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Soosaraei M, Fakhar M, Teshnizi S, Hezarjaribi H, Banimostafavi E Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2017; 21:63-80.

PMID: 28794869 PMC: 5536386. DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.07.057.

References

Emami M, Yazdi M, Nilforoushzadeh M . Emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major in a new focus of central Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 103(12):1257-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04.020. View

Ogurtan Z, Hatipoglu F, Ceylan C . The effect of Alkanna tinctoria Tausch on burn wound healing in rabbits. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2002; 109(11):481-5. View

Sadeghian G, Ziaei H, Sadeghi M . Electrocardiographic changes in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis treated with systemic glucantime. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2008; 37(11):916-8. View

Ouellette M, Drummelsmith J, Papadopoulou B . Leishmaniasis: drugs in the clinic, resistance and new developments. Drug Resist Updat. 2004; 7(4-5):257-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2004.07.002. View

Alvar J, Velez I, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J . Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One. 2012; 7(5):e35671. PMC: 3365071. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035671. View

Razmjou S, Hejazy H, Motazedian M, Baghaei M, Emamy M, Kalantary M . A new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Shiraz, Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 103(7):727-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.12.013. View

Yaghoobi-Ershadi M, Jafari R, Hanafi-Bojd A . A new epidemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Iran. Ann Saudi Med. 2004; 24(2):98-101. PMC: 6147891. DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2004.98. View

Reithinger R, Dujardin J, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S . Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007; 7(9):581-96. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70209-8. View

Khan M, Maruno M, Khaskhely N, Ramzi S, Hosokawa A, Uezato H . Inhibition of intracellular proliferation of Leishmania parasites in vitro and suppression of skin lesion development in BALB/c mice by a novel lipid A analog (ONO-4007). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002; 67(2):184-90. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2002.67.184. View

10.

Davami M, Motazedian M, Sarkari B . The changing profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a focus of the disease in Jahrom district, southern Iran. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2010; 104(5):377-82. DOI: 10.1179/136485910X12786389891083. View

11.

Singh S, Sivakumar R . Challenges and new discoveries in the treatment of leishmaniasis. J Infect Chemother. 2004; 10(6):307-15. DOI: 10.1007/s10156-004-0348-9. View

12.

Papageorgiou V . Wound healing properties of naphthaquinone pigments from Alkanna tinctoria. Experientia. 1978; 34(11):1499-501. DOI: 10.1007/BF01932375. View

13.

Desjeux P . Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004; 27(5):305-18. DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2004.03.004. View

14.

Croft S, Sundar S, Fairlamb A . Drug resistance in leishmaniasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006; 19(1):111-26. PMC: 1360270. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.19.1.111-126.2006. View

15.

Esfahani H, Esfahani Z, Khosravi Dehaghi N, Hosseini-Sharifabad A, Tabrizian K, Parsa M . Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of the ethanolic extracts of Alkanna frigida and Alkanna orientalis. J Nat Med. 2011; 66(3):447-52. DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0603-1. View

16.

Fazaeli A, Fouladi B, Sharifi I . Emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a border area at south-east of Iran: an epidemiological survey. J Vector Borne Dis. 2009; 46(1):36-42. View

17.

El-On J, Jacobs G, Witztum E, Greenblatt C . Development of topical treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in experimental animals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1984; 26(5):745-51. PMC: 180006. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.26.5.745. View

18.

Alavi-Naini R, Fazaeli A, ODempsey T . Topical treatment modalities for old world cutaneous leishmaniasis: a review. Prague Med Rep. 2012; 113(2):105-18. DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2015.26. View

19.

Papageorgiou V, Assimopoulou A, Couladouros E, Hepworth D, Nicolaou K . The Chemistry and Biology of Alkannin, Shikonin, and Related Naphthazarin Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2018; 38(3):270-301. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990201)38:3<270::AID-ANIE270>3.0.CO;2-0. View

20.

Hepburn N . Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2000; 25(5):363-70. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.00664.x. View