HIV and Co-infections

Overview

Journal Immunol Rev

Specialties Allergy & Immunology
General Surgery

Date 2013 Jun 19

PMID 23772618

Citations 62

Authors

Christina C Chang

Megan Crane

Jingling Zhou

Michael Mina

Jeffrey J Post

Barbara A Cameron

Andrew R Lloyd

Anthony Jaworowski

Martyn A French

Sharon R Lewin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Despite significant reductions in morbidity and mortality secondary to availability of effective combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection still accounts for 1.5 million deaths annually. The majority of deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa where rates of opportunistic co-infections are disproportionately high. In this review, we discuss the immunopathogenesis of five common infections that cause significant morbidity in HIV-infected patients globally. These include co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and Plasmodium falciparum. Specifically, we review the natural history of each co-infection in the setting of HIV, the specific immune defects induced by HIV, the effects of cART on the immune response to the co-infection, the pathogenesis of immune restoration disease (IRD) associated with each infection, and advances in the areas of prevention of each co-infection via vaccination. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and gaps in knowledge for future research.

Citing Articles

HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfections in Brazil in 2020: Epidemiological, Sociodemographic, and Clinical Characteristics of 36,746 Cases.

Pinto F, Coelho R, Klein E, Pereira G, Grinsztejn B, Amaku M Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2024; 57.

PMID: 39536214 PMC: 11656531. DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0126-2024.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among people living with HIV in the German HIV-1 Seroconverter Cohort, 2020-2022.

Hohn O, Meixenberger K, Volkwein A, Korner K, Icli S, Koppe U BMC Infect Dis. 2024; 24(1):1228.

PMID: 39487409 PMC: 11529177. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-10119-3.

HSV1-induced enhancement of productive HIV-1 replication is associated with interferon pathway downregulation in human macrophages.

Andrade V, Pereira-Dutra F, Abrantes J, Miranda M, Souza T Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2024; 119:e240102.

PMID: 39476027 PMC: 11520659. DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760240102.

Replicative co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 as well as hepatitis B and C virus in Ghanaian individuals.

Glyschewski L, Hahn A, Rohde H, Lutgehetmann M, Feldt T, Sarfo F Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2024; 14(4):346-360.

PMID: 39475752 PMC: 11836648. DOI: 10.1556/1886.2024.00103.

Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Premarital Screening Individuals in Saudi Arabia.

Alfadhli D, Sulimani S, Fadl S, Bin Jumah I, Alanazi A, Alangari A Int J Public Health. 2024; 69:1607809.

PMID: 39252873 PMC: 11381261. DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1607809.

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