Predictors of Long-term Survival Among First-ever Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke in a Brazilian Stroke Cohort

Overview

Journal BMC Neurol

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Neurology

Date 2013 May 28

PMID 23706067

Citations 13

Authors

Alessandra C Goulart

Tiotrefis G Fernandes

Itamar S Santos

Airlane P Alencar

Isabela M Bensenor

Paulo A Lotufo

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Few studies have examined both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke to identify prognostic factors associated to long-term stroke survival. We investigated long-term survival and predictors that could adversely influence ischemic and hemorrhagic first-ever stroke prognosis.

Methods: We prospectively ascertained 665 consecutive first-ever ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke cases from "The Study of Stroke Mortality and Morbidity" (The EMMA Study) in a community hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. We evaluated cardiovascular risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, race and educational level).

Results: We found a lower survival rate among hemorrhagic cases compared to ischemic stroke cases at the end of 4 years of follow-up (52% vs. 44%, p = 0.04). The risk of death was two times higher among people with ischemic stroke without formal education. Also, we found consistently higher risk of death for diabetics with ischemic stroke (HR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.07-1.97) compared to no diabetics. As expected, age equally influenced on the high risk of poor survival, regardless of stroke subtype.

Conclusions: For ischemic stroke, the lack of formal education and diabetes were significant independent predictors of poor long-term survival.

Citing Articles

Cerebrovascular risk factors and their time-dependent effects on stroke survival in the EMMA cohort study.

Goulart A, Varella A, Tunes G, Alencar A, Santos I, Romagnolli C Braz J Med Biol Res. 2023; 56:e12895.

PMID: 37792780 PMC: 10515500. DOI: 10.1590/1414-431X2023e12895.

Role of cognitive reserve in ischemic stroke prognosis: A systematic review.

Tao C, Yuan Y, Xu Y, Zhang S, Wang Z, Wang S Front Neurol. 2023; 14:1100469.

PMID: 36908598 PMC: 9992812. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1100469.

Access to rehabilitation after stroke in Brazil (AReA study): multicenter study protocol.

Cacho R, Moro C, Bazan R, Guarda S, Pinto E, Andrade S Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2022; 80(10):1067-1074.

PMID: 36535291 PMC: 9770079. DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758558.

Stroke Risk Factors of Stroke Patients in China: A Nationwide Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Chen J, Zhu Q, Yu L, Li Y, Jia S, Zhang J Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(8).

PMID: 35457673 PMC: 9030671. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084807.

Machine learning to predict mortality after rehabilitation among patients with severe stroke.

Scrutinio D, Ricciardi C, Donisi L, Losavio E, Battista P, Guida P Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):20127.

PMID: 33208913 PMC: 7674405. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77243-3.

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