Are There Any Objections Against Our Hypothesis That Buerger Disease Is an Infectious Disease?

Overview

Journal Ann Vasc Dis

Specialty Cardiology & Vascular Diseases

Date 2013 Apr 5

PMID 23555529

Citations 3

Authors

Takehisa Iwai

Makoto Umeda

Yoshinori Inoue

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In 1878, Winiwarter used a microscope and reported a case of 57 year-old man demonstrating Buerger disease. After that, 134 years passed. Leo Buerger and Edgar V. Allen strongly suggested that Buerger disease is an infectious disease without any doubt. Also, an etiologic point is the luminal infectious thrombus, which is thought to be the core of the disease. Many etiological factors were proposed and then discarded after academic scrutiny, but two big discoveries were made in 2005 and 2008. Namely, periodontal bacteria DNA was found in the occluded arteries of 93% of patients with Buerger disease, and periodontal bacteria (typical weak bacteria) were found to dwell in the platelets. Using these evidences, supported by genetic and epidemiological facts, we could almost explain the pathogenesis or clinical course of Buerger disease, which had been already studied.

Citing Articles

Periodontitis impacts on thrombotic diseases: from clinical aspect to future therapeutic approaches.

Ge J, Zhu X, Weng C, Yuan D, Zhao J, Zhao L Int J Oral Sci. 2024; 16(1):58.

PMID: 39402049 PMC: 11473739. DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00325-9.

Buerger's Disease May be a Chronic Rickettsial Infection with Superimposed Thrombosis: Literature Review and Efficacy of Doxycycline in Three Patients.

Chung M, Lee J, Kang J Infect Chemother. 2022; 54(1):20-58.

PMID: 35384418 PMC: 8987189. DOI: 10.3947/ic.2021.0146.

An Experimental Model of Peripheral Vascular Disease Involving the Intravenous Injection of Oral Bacteria.

Igari K, Inoue Y, Iwai T Ann Vasc Dis. 2016; 9(4):267-271.

PMID: 28018496 PMC: 5174984. DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa.16-00092.

References

Kobayashi M, Ito M, Nakagawa A, Nishikimi N, Nimura Y . Immunohistochemical analysis of arterial wall cellular infiltration in Buerger's disease (endarteritis obliterans). J Vasc Surg. 1999; 29(3):451-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0741-5214(99)70273-9. View

Hung H, Willett W, Merchant A, Rosner B, Ascherio A, Joshipura K . Oral health and peripheral arterial disease. Circulation. 2003; 107(8):1152-7. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000051456.68470.c8. View

Haber J, Wattles J, Crowley M, Mandell R, Joshipura K, Kent R . Evidence for cigarette smoking as a major risk factor for periodontitis. J Periodontol. 1993; 64(1):16-23. DOI: 10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.16. View

Kurihara N, Inoue Y, Iwai T, Sugano N, Umeda M, Huang Y . Oral bacteria are a possible risk factor for valvular incompetence in primary varicose veins. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007; 34(1):102-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.02.010. View

Tonetti M, DAiuto F, Nibali L, Donald A, Storry C, Parkar M . Treatment of periodontitis and endothelial function. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356(9):911-20. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa063186. View

Olin J, Young J, Graor R, Ruschhaupt W, Bartholomew J . The changing clinical spectrum of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). Circulation. 1990; 82(5 Suppl):IV3-8. View

Stoltenberg J, Osborn J, Pihlstrom B, Herzberg M, Aeppli D, Wolff L . Association between cigarette smoking, bacterial pathogens, and periodontal status. J Periodontol. 1993; 64(12):1225-30. DOI: 10.1902/jop.1993.64.12.1225. View

Li X, Iwai T, Nakamura H, Inoue Y, Chen Y, Umeda M . An ultrastructural study of Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced platelet aggregation. Thromb Res. 2008; 122(6):810-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.03.011. View

Preber H, Linder L, Bergstrom J . Periodontal healing and periopathogenic microflora in smokers and non-smokers. J Clin Periodontol. 1995; 22(12):946-52. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1995.tb01800.x. View

10.

Iwai T, Sato , Kume H, Inoue Y, Umeda M, Kagayama T . Clinical Study of Phlebitis Migrans and Incompetence of the Leg's Superficial Vein in Buerger Disease. Ann Vasc Dis. 2013; 5(1):45-51. PMC: 3595920. DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa.11.00044. View

11.

Iwai T, Inoue Y, Umeda M . Buerger disease, smoking, and periodontitis. Ann Vasc Dis. 2013; 1(2):80-4. PMC: 3595727. DOI: 10.3400/avd.AVDct00108. View

12.

Chen Z, Takahashi M, Naruse T, Nakajima T, Chen Y, Inoue Y . Synergistic contribution of CD14 and HLA loci in the susceptibility to Buerger disease. Hum Genet. 2007; 122(3-4):367-72. DOI: 10.1007/s00439-007-0408-1. View

13.

Matsushita M, Nishikimi N, Sakurai T, Nimura Y . Decrease in prevalence of Buerger's disease in Japan. Surgery. 1998; 124(3):498-502. View

14.

Kubota T, Inoue Y, Iwai T, Kurihara N, Huang Y, Umeda M . Arterial thrombosis after intravenous infusion of oral bacterium in a rat model. Ann Vasc Surg. 2008; 22(3):412-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2008.01.005. View

15.

Hirai M, Shionoya S . Arterial obstruction of the upper limb in Buerger's disease: its incidence and primary lesion. Br J Surg. 1979; 66(2):124-8. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800660213. View

16.

Shigematsu H, Shigematsu K . Factors affecting the long-term outcome of Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans). Int Angiol. 1999; 18(1):58-64. View

17.

Chen Y, Umeda M, Nagasawa T, Takeuchi Y, Huang Y, Inoue Y . Periodontitis may increase the risk of peripheral arterial disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007; 35(2):153-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.08.016. View

18.

Ashimoto A, Chen C, Bakker I, Slots J . Polymerase chain reaction detection of 8 putative periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque of gingivitis and advanced periodontitis lesions. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1996; 11(4):266-73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1996.tb00180.x. View

19.

Chen Y, Iwai T, Umeda M, Nagasawa T, Huang Y, Takeuchi Y . Elevated IgG titers to periodontal pathogens related to Buerger disease. Int J Cardiol. 2007; 122(1):79-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.11.032. View

20.

Mattila K, Pussinen P, Paju S . Dental infections and cardiovascular diseases: a review. J Periodontol. 2005; 76(11 Suppl):2085-8. DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.11-S.2085. View