From Gut Changes to Type 2 Diabetes Remission After Gastric Bypass Surgeries

Overview

Journal Front Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2013 Apr 5

PMID 23553469

Citations 2

Authors

Bing Li

Xinrong Zhou

Jiarui Wu

Huarong Zhou

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that the gut may influence the host's metabolism and ultimately change the outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We review the evidence on the relationship between the gut and T2DM remission after gastric bypass surgery, and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the above relationship: gut anatomical rearrangement, microbial composition changes, altered gut cells, and gut hormone modulation. However, the exact changes and their relative importance in the metabolic improvements after gastric bypass surgery remain to be further clarified. Elucidating the precise metabolic mechanisms of T2DM resolution after bypass surgery will help to reveal the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, and facilitate the development of novel diagnoses and preventative interventions for this common disease.

Citing Articles

Poor short-term glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes impairs the intestinal mucosal barrier: a prospective, single-center, observational study.

Shen L, Ao L, Xu H, Shi J, You D, Yu X BMC Endocr Disord. 2019; 19(1):29.

PMID: 30849982 PMC: 6408809. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0354-7.

Relationship between gut hormones and glucose homeostasis after bariatric surgery.

Sala P, Torrinhas R, Giannella-Neto D, Waitzberg D Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014; 6(1):87.

PMID: 25152774 PMC: 4141947. DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-87.

References

Nadal I, Santacruz A, Marcos A, Warnberg J, Garagorri J, Garagorri M . Shifts in clostridia, bacteroides and immunoglobulin-coating fecal bacteria associated with weight loss in obese adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008; 33(7):758-67. DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.260. View

Alvarez Bartolome M, Borque M, Aparicio E, Hernandez C, Cabrerizo L . Peptide YY secretion in morbidly obese patients before and after vertical banded gastroplasty. Obes Surg. 2002; 12(3):324-7. DOI: 10.1381/096089202321088084. View

Patti M, Houten S, Bianco A, Bernier R, Larsen P, Holst J . Serum bile acids are higher in humans with prior gastric bypass: potential contribution to improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009; 17(9):1671-7. PMC: 4683159. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.102. View

Wei X, Yang Z, Rey F, Ridaura V, Davidson N, Gordon J . Fatty acid synthase modulates intestinal barrier function through palmitoylation of mucin 2. Cell Host Microbe. 2012; 11(2):140-52. PMC: 3285413. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2011.12.006. View

Maida A, Lovshin J, Baggio L, Drucker D . The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist oxyntomodulin enhances beta-cell function but does not inhibit gastric emptying in mice. Endocrinology. 2008; 149(11):5670-8. DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0336. View

Dixon J, le Roux C, Rubino F, Zimmet P . Bariatric surgery for type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 2012; 379(9833):2300-11. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60401-2. View

Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H . Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(5):1047-53. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047. View

Lundberg J, Tatemoto K, Terenius L, Hellstrom P, Mutt V, Hokfelt T . Localization of peptide YY (PYY) in gastrointestinal endocrine cells and effects on intestinal blood flow and motility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982; 79(14):4471-5. PMC: 346694. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.14.4471. View

Vijay-Kumar M, Aitken J, Carvalho F, Cullender T, Mwangi S, Srinivasan S . Metabolic syndrome and altered gut microbiota in mice lacking Toll-like receptor 5. Science. 2010; 328(5975):228-31. PMC: 4714868. DOI: 10.1126/science.1179721. View

10.

Schauer P, Ikramuddin S, Gourash W, Ramanathan R, Luketich J . Outcomes after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Ann Surg. 2000; 232(4):515-29. PMC: 1421184. DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200010000-00007. View

11.

le Roux C, Aylwin S, Batterham R, Borg C, Coyle F, Prasad V . Gut hormone profiles following bariatric surgery favor an anorectic state, facilitate weight loss, and improve metabolic parameters. Ann Surg. 2005; 243(1):108-14. PMC: 1449984. DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000183349.16877.84. View

12.

. Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature. 2012; 486(7402):207-14. PMC: 3564958. DOI: 10.1038/nature11234. View

13.

Morinigo R, Moize V, Musri M, Lacy A, Navarro S, Marin J . Glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, hunger, and satiety after gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 91(5):1735-40. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-0904. View

14.

Boey D, Heilbronn L, Sainsbury A, Laybutt R, Kriketos A, Herzog H . Low serum PYY is linked to insulin resistance in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Neuropeptides. 2006; 40(5):317-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2006.08.002. View

15.

Damjanovic S, Lalic N, Pesko P, Petakov M, Jotic A, Miljic D . Acute effects of ghrelin on insulin secretion and glucose disposal rate in gastrectomized patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 91(7):2574-81. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-1482. View

16.

Hayes M, Foo J, Besic V, Tychinskaya Y, Stubbs R . Is intestinal gluconeogenesis a key factor in the early changes in glucose homeostasis following gastric bypass?. Obes Surg. 2011; 21(6):759-62. DOI: 10.1007/s11695-011-0380-7. View

17.

PERLEY M, KIPNIS D . Plasma insulin responses to oral and intravenous glucose: studies in normal and diabetic sujbjects. J Clin Invest. 1967; 46(12):1954-62. PMC: 292948. DOI: 10.1172/JCI105685. View

18.

Berthoud H, Shin A, Zheng H . Obesity surgery and gut-brain communication. Physiol Behav. 2011; 105(1):106-19. PMC: 3118403. DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.01.023. View

19.

Lin E, Gletsu N, Fugate K, McClusky D, Gu L, Zhu J . The effects of gastric surgery on systemic ghrelin levels in the morbidly obese. Arch Surg. 2004; 139(7):780-4. DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.139.7.780. View

20.

Furet J, Kong L, Tap J, Poitou C, Basdevant A, Bouillot J . Differential adaptation of human gut microbiota to bariatric surgery-induced weight loss: links with metabolic and low-grade inflammation markers. Diabetes. 2010; 59(12):3049-57. PMC: 2992765. DOI: 10.2337/db10-0253. View