Metabolic Syndrome Components in Obese Egyptian Children

Overview

Journal Ann Saudi Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2013 Feb 12

PMID 23396024

Citations 7

Authors

Moushira Erfan Zaki

Sanaa Kamal Mohamed

Karima Abd-Elfattah Bahgat

Shams Mohamed Kholoussi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background And Objectives: Obesity is one of the most serious global health issues. The aim of this study was to assess the association between obesity and different components of metabolic syndrome among obese school children aged 7 to 9 years, and to identify associated clinical and biochemical characteristics.

Design And Setting: Case-control study among children attending Al-Zahraa Hospital Outpatient Clinic March 2010.

Subjects And Methods: The study included 60 obese children (28 boys and 32 girls) and 50 non-obese controls (25 boys and 25 girls). Anthropometry, fasting glucose, insulin concentrations, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were measured. Insulin resistance was determined by Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Subcutaneous and visceral fat thicknesses were measured ultrasonographically. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined according to the Cook criteria.

Results: MS was found in 25% of obese cases. Obese children showed significantly higher values in waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, levels of systolic and diastolic BP, insulin, HOMA-IR and LDL compared to their lean controls. HDL was significantly lower in obese children compared to controls. Obese children with MS had significantly higher values of body mass index standard deviation score (SDS), skinfold thickness, visceral fat thickness, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic BP, HOMA-IR, insulin and triglycerides compared to obese children without MS, whereas HDL was significantly lower. Obese children with MS had a high prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia compared to children without MS. Results showed positive relationships between visceral fat and waist circumference as well as with insulin level in obese children (P < .05).

Conclusions: The prevalence of the MS is considerable among obese Egyptian children. Abdominal obesity and high HOMA-IR values were the most frequent components of this syndrome among obese children. The study suggests that increased degree of insulin resistance is associated with a heightened risk of suffering MS.

Citing Articles

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Early Adolescents in Khartoum State, Sudan.

Elfaki F, Mukhayer A, Moukhyer M, Chandika R, Kremers S Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(22).

PMID: 36429592 PMC: 9690848. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214876.

Metabolic Syndrome and Prediabetes Among Yemeni School-Aged Children.

Saeed W, Al-Habori M, Saif-Ali R, Al-Eryani E Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020; 13:2563-2572.

PMID: 32765035 PMC: 7381798. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S260131.

Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Ahmadi N, Mahmood Sadr S, Mohammadi M, Mirzaei M, Mehrparvar A, Ardekani S Iran J Public Health. 2020; 49(2):360-368.

PMID: 32461944 PMC: 7231702.

Early childhood obesity: a survey of knowledge and practices of physicians from the Middle East and North Africa.

Gies I, Alsaleem B, Olang B, Karima B, Samy G, Husain K BMC Pediatr. 2017; 17(1):115.

PMID: 28454516 PMC: 5408831. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0865-1.

Adipokines Vaspin and Visfatin in Obese Children.

Salama H, Galal A, Motawie A, Kamel A, Ibrahim D, Aly A Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2016; 3(4):563-6.

PMID: 27275288 PMC: 4877888. DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.123.

References

Aboul Ella N, Shehab D, Ismail M, Maksoud A . Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance among Egyptian adolescents 10 to 18 years of age. J Clin Lipidol. 2010; 4(3):185-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2010.03.007. View

. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2004; 114(2 Suppl 4th Report):555-76. View

Cruz M, Weigensberg M, Huang T, Ball G, Shaibi G, Goran M . The metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth and the role of insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89(1):108-13. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-031188. View

Lopez-Capape M, Alonso M, Colino E, Mustieles C, Corbaton J, Barrio R . Frequency of the metabolic syndrome in obese Spanish pediatric population. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006; 155(2):313-9. DOI: 10.1530/eje.1.02206. View

Reinehr T, de Sousa G, Toschke A, Andler W . Comparison of metabolic syndrome prevalence using eight different definitions: a critical approach. Arch Dis Child. 2007; 92(12):1067-72. PMC: 2066078. DOI: 10.1136/adc.2006.104588. View

Goran M, Kaskoun M, Shuman W . Intra-abdominal adipose tissue in young children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1995; 19(4):279-83. View

de Ridder C, de Boer R, Seidell J, Nieuwenhoff C, Jeneson J, BAKKER C . Body fat distribution in pubertal girls quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992; 16(6):443-9. View

Lee S, Bacha F, Arslanian S . Waist circumference, blood pressure, and lipid components of the metabolic syndrome. J Pediatr. 2006; 149(6):809-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.08.075. View

Morrison J, Friedman L, Gray-McGuire C . Metabolic syndrome in childhood predicts adult cardiovascular disease 25 years later: the Princeton Lipid Research Clinics Follow-up Study. Pediatrics. 2007; 120(2):340-5. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-1699. View

10.

Taylor R, Jones I, Williams S, Goulding A . Evaluation of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and the conicity index as screening tools for high trunk fat mass, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, in children aged 3-19 y. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72(2):490-5. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/72.2.490. View

11.

Semiz S, Ozgoren E, Sabir N, Semiz E . Body fat distribution in childhood obesity: association with metabolic risk factors. Indian Pediatr. 2008; 45(6):457-62. View

12.

Reinehr T, de Sousa G, Andler W . Longitudinal analyses among overweight, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk factors in children. Obes Res. 2005; 13(10):1824-33. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.222. View

13.

van Vliet M, von Rosenstiel I, Schindhelm R, Brandjes D, Beijnen J, Diamant M . The association of elevated alanine aminotransferase and the metabolic syndrome in an overweight and obese pediatric population of multi-ethnic origin. Eur J Pediatr. 2008; 168(5):585-91. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-008-0802-2. View

14.

Huang T, Nansel T, Belsheim A, Morrison J . Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of pediatric metabolic syndrome components in relation to adult metabolic syndrome: the Princeton LRC follow-up study. J Pediatr. 2008; 152(2):185-90. PMC: 2414260. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.08.007. View

15.

Kanai H, Matsuzawa Y, Tokunaga K, Keno Y, Kobatake T, Fujioka S . Hypertension in obese children: fasting serum insulin levels are closely correlated with blood pressure. Int J Obes. 1990; 14(12):1047-56. View

16.

Posadas-Sanchez R, Posadas-Romero C, Zamora-Gonzalez J, Mendoza-Perez E, Cardoso-Saldana G, Yamamoto-Kimura L . Lipid and lipoprotein profiles and prevalence of dyslipidemia in Mexican adolescents. Metabolism. 2007; 56(12):1666-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.07.009. View

17.

Weiss R, Dziura J, Burgert T, Tamborlane W, Taksali S, Yeckel C . Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350(23):2362-74. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa031049. View

18.

de Ferranti S, Gauvreau K, Ludwig D, Neufeld E, Newburger J, Rifai N . Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in American adolescents: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Circulation. 2004; 110(16):2494-7. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000145117.40114.C7. View

19.

Freedman D, Srinivasan S, Burke G, SHEAR C, Smoak C, Harsha D . Relation of body fat distribution to hyperinsulinemia in children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987; 46(3):403-10. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/46.3.403. View

20.

Noto D, Niglio T, Cefalu A, Martino E, Fayer F, Mina M . Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in a student cohort from Southern Italy. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009; 19(9):620-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2008.12.003. View