Premature and Accelerated Aging: HIV or HAART?

Overview

Journal Front Genet

Date 2013 Feb 2

PMID 23372574

Citations 75

Authors

Reuben L Smith

Richard de Boer

Stanley Brul

Yelena Budovskaya

Hans van Spek

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly increased life expectancy of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive population. Nevertheless, the average lifespan of HIV-patients remains shorter compared to uninfected individuals. Immunosenescence, a current explanation for this difference invokes heavily on viral stimulus despite HAART efficiency in viral suppression. We propose here that the premature and accelerated aging of HIV-patients can also be caused by adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs, specifically those that affect the mitochondria. The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) antiretroviral drug class for instance, is known to cause depletion of mitochondrial DNA via inhibition of the mitochondrial specific DNA polymerase-γ. Besides NRTIs, other antiretroviral drug classes such as protease inhibitors also cause severe mitochondrial damage by increasing oxidative stress and diminishing mitochondrial function. We also discuss important areas for future research and argue in favor of the use of Caenorhabditis elegans as a novel model system for studying these effects.

Citing Articles

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The transcription factor PAX5 activates human LINE1 retrotransposons to induce cellular senescence.

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